ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā orchids i ke ʻano: nā kiʻi, pehea lākou e ulu ai a pehea e ʻokoʻa ai mai ka home
ʻO Orchid kekahi o nā pua kahiko i hoʻopili ʻia no ka mālama home. Akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe āpau i kahi a me nā ʻano o kēia mau mea ulu e ulu ana i ka nāhelehele.
He ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻohana o nā orchids, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau ke mālama ʻia e nā kānaka. E hoihoi ka poʻe aloha i kēia mau pua e ʻike pehea e ulu ai ka orchids me ka hana ʻole o ke kanaka.
I ke kūlohelohe, ulu kēia pua ma nā wahi nui a hana i kahi maka hoihoi no nā maka o ka mea ʻole. Hiki i nā kala a me nā nui ke hoʻohālikelike i ka orchid.
He aha nā ʻano a me nā kala nā mea kanu hihiu?
I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 tausani kūpuna o kēia mau mea kanu. I ka nahelehele, hoʻonui pinepine kēia mau pua a pollination me nā pua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu e loli mau nei. Hōʻike hou ʻia nā hybrids hou aku, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu kikoʻī.
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā orchids:
- Saprophytes (noho i lalo o ka honua).ʻAʻohe o kēia ʻano he chlorophyll, akā ʻo nā pua i loko o hoʻokahi pana, uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka wēlau me ka palaki pua. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā ka hiki ʻole o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā aʻa aʻa hou - lawe nā pua saprophytic i ka wai mai ka humus substrate me ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa.
- Epiphytes (ulu ma luna o nā kumulāʻau). ʻO nā laha nui loa i nā ʻāina tropika. ʻO ia mau pua e ulu ma nā kumulāʻau, ma nā kuahiwi a ma nā pōhaku, e hoʻohana ana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo, ʻaʻole naʻe parasitizing. ʻO kēia laha i hoʻopili ʻia e ka poʻe no ka hoʻoulu home ʻana.
- Nā pua lepo. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i nā pua bulbous i pālahalaha ʻia ma USA a me ʻEulopa, a me nā tropic. ʻO ia wale nō nā ʻano orchid e hiki ke ulu i nā latitude mahana.
I ka nahele hihiu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā orchids o ka ʻaneʻane o nā kala a me nā aka - monochromatic, ʻelua-leo, a me nā hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu wale ʻole i kū i ke ʻano ka polū. Kākaʻikahi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi orchid poni - hele mau kēia kala me ka melemele, keʻokeʻo a ʻalani paha (ke kala nui o nā mea kanu).
NĀ KAHI! ʻAʻohe o nā orchids ʻeleʻele (e like me nā pua rose a me nā pua ʻē aʻe) ma ke ʻano no ka mea ʻaʻohe o nā mea kanu i kuleana no ia pigment.
Hiki i nā Breeders ke kala i kekahi pua polū a ʻeleʻele paha, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole kūlohelohe kēia kala no nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, hānai ʻia nā ʻepekema Kepani i kahi ʻano o ka orchid polū - kekahi o nā ʻano.
He kiʻi
A laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kiʻi o nā pua hou, a me kahi a pehea lākou e ulu ai i ka nāhelehele a me nā lāʻau:
Ma hea a ma hea lākou e ulu ai?
Kūleʻa kēia mau mea kanu ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica. I ke kūlohelohe, koho lākou i nā wahi hāmama i kahi e hiki ai i kā lākou aʻa i ke kukui. Me lākou, pili nā orchids i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā māwae i nā pōhaku, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau papa i kākoʻo. Akā aia kekahi mau mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ka lepo maʻamau - ʻano like nā orchids me nā mea i hānai ʻia ma ka home.
Ke ulu pono nei nā lāhui ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻApelika ma nā mahana o 28 kekelē a ʻoi, a me ka hamo 60%. Aia ke aʻa o nā mea kanu ma ka ʻili a hoʻopau pono i ka ona mai ka lewa, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e maloʻo.
I ka paepae a ma ka pā, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou e ulu i ka lepo maʻamau. He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke ao ma laila mai ka pō, no laila pono e hoʻololi ʻia nā kala. ʻO ka orchid maʻamau ʻo Yartischik i ʻike ʻia. ʻO kēia mea kanu me nā lau hina-ʻeleʻele, 30 a 60 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe a me kahi peduncle elongated o ka spike-ʻano he poni a ʻulaʻula paha.
NĀ KAHI! Hiki i nā Orchids ke hoʻopili a aneane i nā wahi āpana, e loli ana a i kekahi manawa ʻokoʻa i nā mea kanu i loko o ka hale.
ʻO New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Andes, a me nā kuahiwi o Brazil kahi i ʻoi aku ke anuanu o ke anuanu ma mua o ka tropic, akā ulu maikaʻi ka orchid ma laila pū kekahi. Ma muli o ka mālamalama maikaʻi loa, ka mahana a me ke kūlana o ka wai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano o kēia mau mea ulu ulu i kēia mau ʻāpana.
ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana kaulana loa o nā ʻāina wela haʻahaʻa ʻo ia ka orchid Cattleya. Hiki i kēia pua ke ulu a hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika ke kiʻekiʻe a hāʻawi i nā pua he iwakālua i kēlā me kēia lālā i ka wā pua. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ua ulu kēia ʻano i loko ona i kahi mea hou - he pseudobulb, kahi e ulu ana no kahi pua, e mālama ana i nā meaola āpau i loko ona iho.
I nā ʻāpana mehana, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā orchids ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēlā mau ʻano mahana he paʻakikī loa e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻōnaehana aerial. No ka mea, ulu wale nā pua i ka honua. Ma Thailand, ulu kēia mau pua ma nā wahi āpau, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kēia ʻāina i ke kuleana e manaʻo ʻia he puʻukia.
Pōʻaiapuni ola
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano o nā orchid he ʻokoʻa loa kekahi i kekahi, lōʻihi loa ko lākou kali ola. Ma ka awelika, ola kēia mau mea kanu mai 60 a 80 mau makahiki.
Aia kekahi mau centenarians maoli, i hiki i kekahi mau hihia ke ulu no hoʻokahi kenekulia. I ka manawa like, livable loa nā orchids. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ka loli o ka mahana, a ʻoluʻolu mau lākou i ka lā mālamalama. ʻOiai ma Iapana kahiko, ua ulu nā ʻano pua i loko o ka hale a mahalo nui ʻia. Ua hoʻoili ʻia lākou e ka hoʻoilina, e hōʻike ana he ʻaihue lōʻihi nā orchids.
Nā ʻokoʻa mai ka home
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa nui o ka orchid home mai ka nahelehele ʻo ia nā ʻano hybrid o ka hānai ʻia. I ka hihiu, ʻo nā orchids, no ka hapa nui, pono i kekahi mau ʻano paʻakikī e hoʻokō i nā hale a me nā keʻena. Ma mua, ua hana nā mea aloha i kēia mau pua i nā kūlana kokoke i ka tropical i loko o ko lākou mau home e loaʻa ai nā orchids, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomohala nā mea hoʻohua i nā ʻano hou i hiki ke noho i nā anuanu maloʻo.
Kākauʻōlelo! Ua aloha pū kekahi ʻo Connoisseurs me kēlā mau laha i hoʻomaʻa e ulu i ka lepo maʻalahi - ʻo ia mau orchids kekahi capricious, akā mahalo ʻia no ko lākou nani. Eia kekahi, ua pōkole ke ola ʻana o nā orchid home, a ma ka awelika he 8-9 mau makahiki.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka orchid home ka pua lush. Hoʻomaka kekahi o nā ʻano home kokoke i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, a i ka nahelehele wale nō i ke kauwela.
I ka nahele hihiu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano orchid he nui loa, kekahi o lākou he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ia, a ʻo kekahi e like loa me nā mea i mālama ʻia i loko o ka hale. Akā, ʻoiai he ʻano like ʻole, nani loa lākou āpau, a ʻo ka hapanui o lākou e hoʻopuka i nā onaona ʻoluʻolu, kahi e hana ai i kēia mea kanu i kekahi o nā lunamakaainana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe a maikaʻi loa ʻia o ka flora.