He aha ka muʻu a pehea e ʻokoʻa ai mai kahi pā
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā kino wai nui, pono e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka puʻu wai. Koho ka huaʻōlelo i ka ʻāpana hopena o ka muliwai, ʻo kona ʻano e like me ka funnel. Hoʻokahi ka lima o ka waha o kahi waihona wai a lilo i ākea i ke kai.
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka puka wai
Kāhea ʻia ka Estuary ma ka unuhi ʻana mai Latin "Kahawai"... He ʻano funnel kona a me kona ʻano hoʻokahi, a hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kai. I ke kālaihonua, aia kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe - he delta ia, kahi waha o ka muliwai i māhele ʻia i nā kahawai. Aia ka Delta iā Amazon a me ka Nile. Akā ʻo ka waha o ka Volga hiki ke kapa ʻia he delta a me kahi muā.
ʻIke ʻia kēia hanana kahi e holoi ʻia ai ka ʻāina me ke one ma muli o ke kai a i ʻole ke kai eʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaumaha e pili kokoke ana i ka waihona paʻakai. ʻIke ʻia ua kūkulu ʻia nā estuaries kokoke i Yenisei a me Don.
Hoʻokaʻina
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia mau hoʻokumu ma muli o ka holo o ka wai a me ke ʻano honua o ka lepo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā estuaries kahiko loa i hana ʻia e nā kūlohelohe i nā makahiki he mau kaukani i hala aku nei, i ka wā e hoʻokokoke ana ka hopena o ka makahiki hau i hala. Loaʻa kēia i ka pae kai haʻahaʻa. Kapa ʻia ia ʻano laha, nā pāpū kahakai.
Inā hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai me nā kaumaha mai ke kai e nā kahakai, ua kapa ʻia lākou he estuaries. ʻO kēia nā hana lōʻihi a ololi e kūlike ana me ke kahakai, ma kahi o 5 mau mika ka hohonu.
Ua kupu mai nā estectaries o Tectonic ma nā wahi o ke kuʻu ʻana o nā pōhaku ma lalo o ka mana o nā luaipele a i ʻole nā kahakaha ʻāina. ʻOhi maoli nā depressions i ka wai hou a me ke kai inā aia ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka pae kai.
ʻO nā estuaries i haku ʻia e nā glacier i kapa ʻia ʻo fjords. Ua neʻe aku nā poloka nui i ka moana a kālai i nā kaha hohonu ma kahakai. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana o ka wai paʻahau, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia nā kaumaha.
ʻO nā estuaries ʻo Wedge nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai kahi e holo nui ai ka wai ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ma aneʻi manaʻo ʻia nā kai ʻole he mea ʻole. E emi mālie ka papa o ka wai hou ma nā wahi a ka muliwai i hoʻokokoke aku ai i ke kai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano wedge o kēia wahi i nā wahi o ke kai kai ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hui ʻana o ka wai. No laila, hoʻokaʻawale nā kālaihonua i ka ʻano discontinuous, i hōʻike ʻia e nā hoʻololi piha.
Nāʻauwai nui o Rūsia a me ka honua
ʻO ka lua wai nui ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka muliwai i kapa ʻia ʻo Gironde. ʻO 72 km kona lōʻihi. Ma North Carolina (United States o ʻAmelika) aia kekahi kahawai i kapa ʻia ʻo Albemarl. No nā estuaries nui ia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka Moana ʻAkelanika e ke kaulahao o ka ʻOuter Shoals.
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, e inoa mākou i nā estuaries i ke ʻano o kahi muā. Hoʻopili kēia i ka ʻike ma Yenisei a me Ob. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao Amur o ka muliwai e hou ai i ka lua wai kūloko. He waha like ko ka Volga, ʻoiai ua manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema he delta kona waha.
Hoʻolālā wikiō
ʻO ka waha kahi e hui ai ka muliwai me kekahi wai ʻē aʻe. Maʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi delta a i ʻole ka lua wai. Ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka wai ma muli o ka hopena o ke evaporation a i ʻole ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka, ʻōlelo lākou no ka waha makapō. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole he waha mau ko kēlā me kēia kahawai. Hiki i kekahi mau waihona waihona i manaʻo ʻia ke hoʻololi i ke kahawai kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kau.
Ma ka laulā, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao delta a me ka estuary ʻelua mau manaʻo ʻē aʻe.
ʻIke hoihoi
ʻO nā kahawai lōʻihi loa ma ka honua
ʻO ka muliwai lōʻihi loa ma ka honua ʻo Nile, kona lōʻihi i 6,653 km. Ma ka lua o ka wahi ʻo Amazon, e kahe ana ma Brazil.
ʻO nā kahawai ākea ākea ma ka honua
ʻO ka papa inoa o nā muliwai ākea loa o ka honua e komo pū me ke Kama, e kahe ana i loko o ka palena o Rūsia, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o Volga. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo Amazon (ʻo ka delta ʻoi aku ma mua o 325 km ākea) a me ka Nile, ʻoi aku ka laulā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana wai hou i ka honua.
ʻO ka muliwai lōʻihi loa ma Rūsia
He pūnaewele nui ʻo Lūkia o nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā ʻenemi. ʻAʻole inoa o ka hapa nui o lākou. Akā he mau pilikua maoli kekahi. ʻO ka muliwai lōʻihi loa ma Lūkia ka Lena, 4400 km ka lōʻihi. Ma ka lua o ka wahi ʻo ka Irtysh, ʻo ia ka 4248 km ka lōʻihi.