Mycenae: nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Helene me ke kiʻi
ʻO Mycenae (Helene) kahi kūlanakauhale kahiko aia ma ka ʻākau hikina o ka ʻāina. I ka manawa kahi noho nui a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia ia ke kikowaena o ka moʻomeheu Mycenaean, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea makamae he nui a me nā mea hana kūikawā i loaʻa i nā hale kupapaʻu gula.
ʻIke laulā
He kūlanakauhale kahiko ʻo Mycenae ma ka ʻāina o Helene hou. Ma mua he hapa o Argolis, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā kikowaena o ka moʻomeheu Mycenaean. E like me nā kūlanakauhale kahiko, aia ia ma kahi puʻu, a ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā paia pōhaku (ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe mai 6 a 9 mau mika ma nā wahi like ʻole).
I kēia lā, koe wale nā ʻōpala i ke kahua o ka noho kahiko, a ʻo nā mākaʻikaʻi a me nā ʻepekema wale nō ka i hele mai i kēia mau wahi. Ka heluna paʻa mau - 354 poʻe (noho ma ka wāwae o ka puʻu). Aia ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Helene 90 km mai Atenai.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala a me nā kaʻao
ʻAʻole maopopo ka makahiki maoli o Mycenae, akā manaʻo ka ʻepekema ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noho kahiko ma mua o 4,000 mau makahiki. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua kūkulu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale e Perseus - ke keiki a Zeus lāua ʻo Danae, nāna i hoʻohana i ke kōkua o ka Cyclops. Ua ulu pono ke kūlanakauhale i nā makahiki 1460. BC e., i ka wā i lanakila ai ka Mycenaeans ma Crete a hoʻomaka i hoʻokumu i nā kolone ma ke kahakai o ke kai Aegean. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻomaka o ko mākou wā, ua hele mai ka Pelonids i kēia mau ʻāina mai Argos kokoke mai, ka mea ʻaʻole i lawe wale i nā panalāʻau pio, akā ua pio hoʻi iā Mycenae.
I ka wā o nā Kaua Greco-Persian, ua hoʻomaka ke emi iki o ke kūlanakauhale, a ma 468 AD. ua haʻalele hope ʻia e nā poʻe (ma muli o ka hakakā me nā Argos). Ma hope o kekahi mau haneli mau makahiki, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻi i Mycenae, akā ua noho lākou ma lalo o ka puʻu, a makaʻu ka poʻe kamaʻāina e hele i loko o ka hale paʻa, kahi e hiki ai ke hele i ka hale kupapaʻu.
Makaikai
Puka Liona
ʻO ka Lion's Gate kahi mea hoihoi loa o ka Greek Mycenae, i hui pū me nā huakaʻi a pau i hele mai i ke kūlanakauhale. Kūkulu ʻia ka puka i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIII kenekulia BC. e, a ua loaʻa kona inoa ma muli o ke kōkua o ka bas, aia ma ke poʻo o ka puka pā. ʻO ke kaupaona o ke ʻano he 20 mau tona.
Aia ke kū hoʻokahi o ka hiʻona ʻāina i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā pōhaku āpau i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka puka e anai ʻia a loaʻa nā puka poepoe, e like me nā mea i waiho ʻia e kahi pahu hamare. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema a hiki i kēia lā ke wehewehe i kēia hanana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea i hana ʻia ai nā pani pani puka - manaʻo ʻia he ʻano lāʻau kēia ʻaʻole i koe.
Mālama ʻia ka puka o ka liona ma Mycenae ma kahi o kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa, koe wale nō nā liona - ua luku loa ʻia ko lākou mau poʻo. Manaʻo nā kānaka hulikoehana ua hana kēia ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia ai nā poʻo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kino o nā holoholona. Akā e like me ka moolelo kahiko, ua kiola ʻia nā poʻo o nā liona mai ke gula, a i ka wā o ka hāʻule o ka moʻomeheu Mycenaean ua ʻaihue ʻia lākou. Ma ke ala, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā liona e pale aku i ke kūlanakauhale mai nā ʻuhane ʻino, a ʻoiai he wahi nui loa ia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe maʻamau ke hele mai i aneʻi.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua hana ka mea hulikoehana Kelemania kaulana ʻo Heinrich Schliemann i nā ʻeli ʻana a ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻaʻole nā ʻīpuka i nā puka maʻamau i ko mākou ʻike, akā kahi ʻano hoʻomana. Ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea i loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i ka puka pā: nā masky kahiko, nā mea kaua a me nā pōhaku makamae.
ʻEli ʻaihue
ʻO ka ʻeli nui nui ma Mycenae i mālama ʻia i ka 19 kenekulia. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i kekahi o nā archaeologists koʻikoʻi, a, ʻo ka mea mua, ka Kelemania Heinrich Schliemann, i loaʻa nā mea hana kūikawā e hōʻike e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu Mycenaean. Ma ke ala, ma hope o nā ʻeli ʻana i kapa ʻia ka noho ʻana he "waiwai gula", no ka mea he nui nā mea gula i loaʻa ma aneʻi. Aia i ka waihona archaeological nā ʻāpana aʻe.
Kaapuni kanu A
Ma kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ia i kāhea ai nā kānaka hulihonua i kahi pōʻai kanu A, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea hoihoi a koʻikoʻi hoʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā hale pule chess a me nā huahana Trojan War. He ʻano paakiki loa ka hoʻokalakupua, a hoʻomanaʻo iki ʻia ʻo Stonehenge.
Pahu
Ua hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mycenae e nā ʻenemi, a koi ʻia kahi lako wai nui no kahi pale kūpono. I ke kenekulia XIV BC, no ka manawa mua ma ʻEulopa, kūkulu ʻia nā lua wai ma aneʻi, ke pā nei ka pālākiō: ma ka hohonu o 18 mika, aia nā pahu nunui he 5 mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
Hale aliʻi
Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻeli ʻana o ka Royal Palace ma Helene i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19. Minamina, ʻaʻohe mea i koe o ka nui o mua o ka maka, a i kēia lā hiki i nā mākaʻikaʻi ke noʻonoʻo wale i ke kahua. Eia nō naʻe, ua hiki i nā kānaka hulihonua ke hoʻokumu i kahi o Megaron - ke kikowaena o ka hale aliʻi, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā hālāwai nui a me nā hālāwai nui.
- Ka uku o ke komo: 12 euro no nā mākua, 6 euro no nā penihana, nā keiki, ʻōpio, kumu. Hiki ke kipa ʻia nā wahi āpau o Mycenae me kēia balota.
- Nā hola wehe: hoʻoilo (8.30-15.30), ʻApelila (8.30-19.00), Mei-ʻAukake (8.30-20.00), Kepakemapa (8.00-19.00), ʻOkakopa (08.00-18.00). Ua pani ʻia ka hale hōʻikeʻike i nā lā nui o ka lehulehu.
Hale Hōʻikeʻike Archaeological o Mycenae Kahiko
Aia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Archaeological o Mycenae i nā mea waiwai āpau i loaʻa i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka noho kahiko. ʻAneʻane loaʻa nā mea hale hōʻikeʻike i ka lumi mua i nā hale kupapaʻu ʻelima i ʻōlelo ʻia e Homer. Hōʻike ka hōʻike i nā keramika (nā vases, nā ipu, nā bola), nā niho ʻelepani (nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā kiʻi holoholona liʻiliʻi), nā pōhaku (nā mea hana), ke gula (nā mākia make, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā kīʻaha). ʻO nā kiʻi o nā akua Helene a me nā mea kaua i ʻike ʻia i kapa ʻia kekahi o nā hōʻike hoihoi loa a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi.
I ka lumi ʻelua, aia nā mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā keleawe. ʻO kēia nā kālā, nā kāhiko wahine a me nā kāne, nā masks hoʻolewa. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ka "Mask o Agamemnon" (he kope kēia, a ʻo ka mea maoli i loko o ka National Archaeological Museum of Athens).
Ma ke keʻena ʻekolu he mau hiʻohiʻona o ka noho i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻepekema. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka Mycenae o Helene kahiko a leʻaleʻa i ka nani o nā helehelena, nā kahakaha a me nā bas-reliefs i hoʻonani mua ʻia ke kūlanakauhale. Aia kekahi manawa kūpono e nānā i nā kiʻi o Mycenae, i lawe ʻia i nā kenekulia 19 a me 20 i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana.
ʻO Citadel a me ka Waihona o Atreus
Ma muli o ke ola ʻana o nā paia pōhaku e hoʻopuni ana i ke kūlanakauhale ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, ua kaulana loa kahi o Mycenae kahiko ma Helene, ʻokoʻa, no ka laʻana, ka wahi o Troy. ʻOkoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka palena ʻāina mai 6 a 9 mau mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi he 900 m. Ma kekahi mau ʻāpana, kūkulu ʻia nā puka i loko o nā paia kahi e waiho ai nā mea kaua a me nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka pinepine ka kapa ʻia ʻana o nā paia Mycenaean ʻo cyclopean, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ka Helene he hiki wale i nā mea kolohe ke neʻe i kēlā mau mea kaumaha. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka mea hoʻohihi.
ʻO ka Waihona ʻo Atreus ka hale kupapaʻu Mycenaean nui loa, i kūkulu ʻia ma 1250 BC. ʻO 13.5 mika ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loko, a me ka nui o ke kaupaona o 120 kekona. Maopopo ka poʻe mōʻaukala i ka hoʻonani mua ʻia o kēia palena ʻāina me ke gula, nā pōhaku makamae a me nā pā pōhaku, a ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi o ia mau mea i nā hale hōʻikeʻike ʻē aʻe ma Helene. Hōʻike nā waiwai i loaʻa i nā pahu kupapaʻu i kahi pae mua (i kēlā manawa) pae o ke ola a me ke kūkulu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale.
Nemea Kahiko
E like me kou ʻike, ma ka panalāʻau o Helene o kēia lā, mālama ʻia nā ʻike he nui - nā koena o nā kūlanakauhale kahiko. ʻO Nemea kahiko kekahi o lākou. Heʻuʻuku kēia, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou ka hoihoi. ʻO ke kahua pāʻani mālama ʻia, kahi o nā mea haʻuki ʻoi loa o ke kūlanakauhale i hana ai, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hōʻailona o Nemea. Aia kekahi mau ʻōpala o kekahi mau ʻauʻau a me nā wahi o kahi basilica Karistiano kahiko a me nā hale pilikino.
Ma ka mokuna o Nemea kahiko, aia kahi hale hōʻikeʻike hou, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hopena o ka hana a nā archaeologists: nā mea gula, nā keramika maikaʻi, nā mea niho ʻelepani.
Pehea e kiʻi ai i Mycenae mai Atenai
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Athens a me Mycenae e 90 km, a aia he 2 ala pehea e hele ai mai kahi kūlanakauhale a kahi kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe.
Ma ke kaʻa ʻōhua
ʻO kēia ke koho kūpono loa a maʻalahi hoʻi. Pono ʻoe e lawe i ke kuʻu Athena a hele i ke kahua ʻo Fichti (Mycenae). ʻO ka manawa huakaʻi he 1 hola 30 mau minuke. ʻO 1050 mau kumukūʻai ka likiki (e pili ana i ka manawa huakaʻi a me ka papa o ke kaʻa ʻōhua. Holo lākou i kēlā me kēia 2 hola mai ka 8.00 a i ka 20.00.
Nui a hewahewa nā hui kaʻaahi ma Helene. ʻO KTEL Argolidas ka mea kaulana loa, i loaʻa i nā kūlanakauhale nui o ka ʻāina. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i ka likiki ma ka pūnaewele official o ka mea lawe: www.ktelargolida.gr a i ʻole ma ke Central Bus Station o Athens.
Ma ke kaʻaahi
Pono ʻoe e hele i ke kaʻaahi mai ke kahua kaʻaahi Athens ma ke kaʻaahi Πειραιάς - Κιάτο (Piraeus - Kiato). Ma ke kahua ʻo Zegolateio Korinthias, pono ʻoe e haʻalele a hoʻololi i kahi kaʻa kaʻa.
ʻO ka manawa huakaʻi ma ke kaʻaahi he 1 hola 10 mau minuke. Ma ke kaʻa ʻōhua - 30 mau minuke. ʻO ka uku 8 euro (kaʻaahi) + 35 euro (taxi). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia koho huakaʻi no nā hui liʻiliʻi.
Kaʻi - Nā Alanui Helene. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa puke i kāu likiki ma mua i kā lākou pūnaewele official: www.trainose.gr a kūʻai paha iā ia ma ke keʻena balota o Athens Central Station.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai āpau a me nā papa kuhikuhi ma ka ʻaoʻao no ʻApelila 2019.
Hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai noho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia palapala
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pono
- Aia mamao loa ʻo Mycenae mai nā hale kūʻai a me nā kikowaena kūʻai, no laila e lawe i nā mea āpau āu e makemake ai (ʻo ka mea mua loa, ka wai) me ʻoe.
- E huakaʻi ai i Mycenae kahiko, e koho i kahi lā ʻoluʻolu, no ka mea aia ke kiʻi ma luna o kahi puʻu, a ʻaʻohe wahi e peʻe ai mai ka lā wela.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kipa iā Mycenae i ka lā hebedoma, ʻoiai he nui nā mākaʻikaʻi ma nā hopena pule.
- I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka lehulehu o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, e hele mai i Mycenae i ka hiki wawe. Hiki ka hapa nui o ka poʻe huakaʻi ma aneʻi ma ka hola 11.00 - 12.00.
ʻO Mycenae (Helene) kekahi o nā mea nui nui o ka ʻāina Balkan, kahi e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka poʻe aloha i ka mōʻaukala a me ka archeology.
Huakaʻi i ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Mycenae