ʻO Santa Maria del Mar - hale pule hōʻailona o Barcelona
ʻO Santa Maria del Mar kekahi o nā hale Gothic maʻamau ʻole ma Barcelona a ma Sepania pū kekahi. ʻO kēia basilica, ʻo ia ka Church Naval Church o St. Mary a me ka Naval Cathedral o Barcelona, ʻo ia wale nō ka hale pule i koe ma ka style Catalan Gothic maʻemaʻe.
Aia kēia wahi hoihoi i ka hapahā La Ribera o ka Old Town o Barcelona.
He kūmole mōʻaukala
Ma hope o Alfonso IV ua lanakila ka Meek i ke kaua me Sardinia ma 1324, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kūkulu i kahi luakini nani ma Barcelona. A ʻoiai ka hapanui o nā kaua ma kēia kaua i kaua ʻia ma ka moana, ua loaʻa i ka hale pule ka inoa kūpono: Santa Maria del Mar, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Hale Pule Nui o Naval o St. Mary.
I ka puna o 1329, ua waiho ka Mōʻī Alfonso IV iā ia iho i pōhaku hōʻailona ma ke kahua o ka hale pule hou e hiki mai ana - ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia e ka palapala ma ka alo o ka hale, i hana ʻia ma Latin a me Catalan.
Ua kūkulu wikiwiki ʻia ka hale pule o Santa Maria del Mar ma Barcelona - ma 55 mau makahiki wale nō. He mea kupaianaha loa ia no kēlā manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia ka wikiwiki o ke kūkulu ʻana e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka hapahā La Ribera holoʻokoʻa, e ulu nei a ulu waiwai ana ma muli o ka ʻoihana kai, i ka hana ʻana. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hale pule ʻo Naval Church o Barcelona ma ke ʻano he kikowaena haipule no nā kānaka maʻamau, no laila ke komo pū nei nā poʻe āpau o La Ribera i kāna kūkulu ʻana. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokō ka poʻe hoʻoneʻe i ke awa i kahi hana: huki lākou iā lākou iho mai ka lua mai ma Montjuïc i nā pōhaku kūkulu āpau e pono ai no ke kūkulu ʻana ʻO ia ke kumu ma nā puka o ka puka waena aia nā kiʻi metala o nā mea hoʻouka i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ma lalo o ke kaumaha o nā pōhaku kaumaha.
I ka makahiki 1379, ma mua pono o ke Kalikimaka, ua hōʻā ke ahi, ma muli o kahi ʻāpana o ka hale i hiolo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hana kēia i kāna mau hoʻoponopono ponoʻī a hoʻonui iki i ka manawa kūkulu kūkulu, akā ʻaʻohe mea hou aʻe: i ka 1383 ua pau ka hale pule o Santa Maria del Mar.
ʻO kahi ōlaʻi i hiki mai i ka 1428 ka mea i hōʻino nui i ka hanana, me ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka puka aniani aniani ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana. I ka makahiki 1459, ua hoʻāla hou ʻia ka luakini, ma kahi o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kahi rosette aniani hou i hōʻano ʻia.
I ka makahiki 1923, ua hoʻohanohano ʻo Pope Pius XI i ka hale pule ʻo Naval me ka inoa ʻo Small Papal Basilica.
ʻO Architecture Santa Maria del Mar
I ka Middle Ages, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ia mau hale nunui - ma ka liʻiliʻi he 100 mau makahiki. ʻO ia no kēia mea i loko o nā hale medieval he nui nā mea o nā ʻano kuhikuhipuʻuone. Akā he ʻokoʻa ka Basilica o Santa Maria del Mar ma Barcelona. Kūkulu ʻia ia i loko o 55 mau makahiki a ʻo ia wale nō kahi hiʻohiʻona e ola nei o ka Catalan Gothic maʻemaʻe. Kū ka basilica i waho no ka lokahi kupaianaha o ke kaila, he mea ʻokoʻa loa ia no nā hale medieval nunui.
Kūkulu ʻia ka hanana o ka nui weliweli i ka pōhaku, ma nā wahi āpau a nui nā mokulele o nā paia me kahi ʻoluʻolu a me ka palena iki o nā mea hoʻonaninani. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka pā nui e nā apo pohaku, me he mea lā e hoʻokumu pono ana i kahi pōhaku nui. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani nui kahi puka aniani kīʻaha kīʻaha kīwī nui ʻia ma luna aʻe o ka puka waena, aia kekahi mau puka aniani a me nā kahawai kiko (ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui o lākou).
Hana ʻia ka puka waena o ka basilica ma ke ʻano o kahi ākea ākea me nā puka lāʻau nunui i uhi ʻia me ke kālai ʻana. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka puka o ke ākea aia nā kiʻi kiʻi o Saints Peter lāua ʻo Paul. Aia nā kiʻi kiʻi ma ka tympanum: e noho ana ʻo Iesū, ma ke alo o ke kūlou ʻana o ka wahine puʻupaʻa ʻo Maria lāua ʻo John Bapetite.
ʻAno ʻokoʻa nā hale kia bele o Santa Maria del Mar: he oketagonal lākou, hiki i 40 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe wale nō, a hoʻopau ʻaʻole me nā spires, ka mea maʻa mau no nā hale pule Gothic, akā me nā poʻo kiʻekiʻe loa.
Mea nui! Hiki ke komo i ka hale i ka poʻe me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Basilica i loko
ʻO ka manaʻo i hana ʻia i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka Basilica o Santa Maria del Mar ʻaʻole kūlike ia me nā manaʻo i kupu aʻe i loko o ka hale nunui. Lilo ia i mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ma ke kua o nā paia pōhaku kaumaha a pouli hoʻi e hiki ai i kahi mālamalama ke nui loa. ʻOiai ma Sepania, a ma ʻEulopa, aia nā hale pule i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Naval Cathedral ma Barcelona, akā ʻaʻohe hale pule ākea. He paradoxical kēia, akā maopopo.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Catalan Gothic e kahi hiʻohiʻona: inā ʻekolu-aisled ka luakini, a laila aneane like ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pika ʻekolu. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā hale pule Gothic a pau o ʻEulopa, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kikowaena, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka lewa i loko. I ka Basilica o Santa Maria del Mar, 33 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe o ka piko, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao he 27 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea huna o ke kumu e hana ʻia ai ka manaʻo o kahi ākea nui i loko o ka hale.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka puzzle nā kolamu. ʻAʻohe o nā Basilica o Santa Maria del Mar i nā kolamu nui i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā luakini Gothic. Eia kahi nani, ʻano lahilahi paha no kahi ʻano nui o ka nui, nā pylons octagonal. A aia lākou ma kahi o 13 mau mika mai kēlā me kēia me kēia - ʻo kēia ke keu ākea i nā hale pule Gothic a pau o ʻEulopa.
No ka hoʻonaninani o loko, ʻaʻohe "chic a me ka ʻōlinolino kūikawā me ka tinsel mālamalama". Kūleʻa nā mea āpau, kaohi ʻia a nani hoʻi.
Hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai noho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia palapala
ʻIke kūpono
Aia ʻo Santa Maria del Mar ma Barcelona ma Plaça de Santa Maria 1, 08003 Barcelona, Sepania.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka Basilica mai kēlā ʻane me kēia kihi o Barcelona:
- e ke kaʻa ʻōhua mākaʻikaʻi, e haʻalele i ke kū o Pla de Palau;
- ma ka metro, laina melemele L4, kū iā Jaume I;
- ma ke kaʻa ʻōhua helu 17, 19, 40 a me 45 - kū ʻo Pla de Palau.
Wehe i nā hola a me ke kumukūʻai o nā kipa
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa i ka hale pule me ka manuahi:
- mai ka Pōʻakahi a hiki i ka Pōʻaono e komo pū ana - mai 9:00 a 13:00 a mai 17:00 a 20:30;
- ma ka Lāpule - mai 10:00 a 14:00 a mai 17:00 a 20:00.
Akā ma muli o kēia manawa kokoke like me ka manawa o nā lawelawe, e kaupalena ʻia ka puka no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi.
Nā papahana huakaʻi
Mai 13:00 (Lāpule mai 14:00) a i 17:00, hiki ke kipa ʻia ka Basilica o Santa Maria del Mar me kahi huakaʻi alakaʻi. Mālama ʻia nā huakaʻi alakaʻi e nā limahana o ka hale pule i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, Sepania a me Catalan. Nui a hewahewa nā papahana, akā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kekahi o lākou no nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki.
I loko o nā lā nui, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ala hele o nā huakaʻi, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kekahi mau huakaʻi no ke ʻano o ke aniau. E ʻoluʻolu e nānā i ka pūnaewele official ʻo Santa Maria del Mar no nā loli: http://www.santamariadelmarbarcelona.org/home/.
No nā keiki he 6-8 mau makahiki, manuahi kēia mau huakaʻi, pono e kūʻai i nā ʻāpana kipa ʻē aʻe i kahi likiki. ʻO nā loaʻa kālā āpau i loaʻa i nā huakaʻi hele i ka hana hoʻihoʻi a me ka hana i mālama ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana o ka basilica.
Huakaʻi hele kaupaku
Ke piʻi nei ma luna o ka hale o ka hale, hiki i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi ke ʻike i nā wahi pili loa a mahalo i ke kumumanaʻo o kāna kūkulu ʻana, a mahalo pū nō hoʻi i ka ʻike panorama maikaʻi loa o Barcelona. ʻElua mau papahana: piha (55 mau minuke - 1 hola) a ua hoʻopōkole ʻia (40 mau minuke).
Nā kumukūʻai likiki polokalamu piha:
- no nā mākua - 10 €,
- no nā haumāna a me nā penihana ma luna o 65 mau makahiki, a no nā lālā o ka hui ma mua o 9 mau kānaka - 8.50 €.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā likiki no ka papahana i hōʻemi ʻia:
- no nā mākua - 8.50 €;
- no nā haumāna a me nā penihana ma luna o 65 mau makahiki - 7 €.
ʻO ke ahiahi ʻo Santa Maria del Mar
I loko o kēia huakaʻi hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua hola, hiki i nā mākaʻikaʻi ke nānā pono i nā kihi āpau o ka hale pule a hoʻolohe i kāna moʻolelo. Ke piʻi nei i nā hale kiaʻi i nā pae o ka hale like ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe kipa i kahi ʻike kokoke o nā ʻāpana o ka hale, akā ʻike pū i nā alanui ʻololī o El Born, nā hale nui o ka Suite Velha, a me ka nani o 360º panorama o Barcelona i ka pō.
Kumukuai kūʻai:
- no nā mākua 17.50 €;
- no nā haumāna, nā līlī, a me nā lālā o nā hui ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 poʻe - € 15.50.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai āpau i ka ʻatikala no ʻOkakopa 2019.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pono
- No ke kipa ʻana i ka basilica, pono ʻoe e koho pono i kou kapa komo - pono e kūlike i ka wahi hoʻāno. ʻO nā pōkole pōkole, nā pālule pōkole, nā piko lima ʻaʻohe kūpono i ke kapa komo wela.
- He acoustics maikaʻi loa ka basilica a hoʻolauna i nā ʻahamele mele i nā hopena pule. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa iā lākou no ka manuahi. Akā pono ʻoe e loaʻa kālā me ʻoe, ʻoiai e hōʻiliʻili nā limahana i nā makana no ka mālama ʻana i ka basilica. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kekahi kālā, a ʻo ka hōʻole ʻana i nā haʻawina he hōʻailona ia o ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole.
- ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hoihoi i ka heiau o Santa Maria del Mar e makemake ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka puke na ka mea kākau Sepania ʻo Idelfonso Falcones "Hale Pule Nui o St. Mary". Ua paʻi ʻia kēia puke ma 2006 a lilo i mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa, i unuhi ʻia i 30 mau ʻōlelo.
ʻO ka huakaʻi alakaʻi ʻia o ka ʻāina hānau (Ribera) a me nā ʻike mōʻaukala hoihoi e pili ana iā Santa Maria del Mar: