Volcano Kilimanjaro - ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa maʻAfelika

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Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hikina o ka mokuʻāina ʻAmelika o Tanzania, ma waena o nā paka moku ʻo Serengeti a me Tsavo, aia ʻo Mount Kilimanjaro, nāna i hāʻawi ka inoa i ka paka mauna mauna wale nō ma ʻApelika. ʻO ka nui o ka mauna e hoʻokūkū ana i kona mau hoa ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe: ʻo Kilimanjaro ka mauna kiʻekiʻe ʻehā o nā "ʻitu mau kiʻekiʻe". ʻAʻohe ona lua ma ka ʻāina nui, no laila ua loaʻa kūpono iā ia ka inoa kapakapa ʻo "Roof of Africa". Eia hou, ʻo Kilimanjaro ka mauna kūʻokoʻa nui loa o ka honua: 97 km ka lōʻihi o ka kumu a 64 km ākea.

ʻIke laulā

ʻO ka piko o ka mauna Kilimanjaro nā ʻaoʻao o nā lua pele pele ʻekolu o nā makahiki like ʻole i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO 5895 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kuahiwi, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea e kahaha ai ma kona ʻaoʻao luna he hau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Mai ka ʻōlelo Swahili, ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo aupuni ma Tanzania, ua unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "kilimanjaro" ma ke ʻano he "mauna sparkling". ʻO ka poʻe kamaʻāina, ka poʻe i noho maʻa mau i nā ʻāina a puni ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro a ʻike ʻole i ka hau, ua manaʻoʻiʻo lākou ua uhi ʻia ka mauna i ke kālā.

ʻO Geograpically, aia ʻo Kilimanjaro ma kahi kokoke i ka laina equator, eia nō naʻe, ua nui nā ʻokoʻa o nā piko mauna i ka loli o nā wahi kai, i hōʻike ʻia i ka ulu a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻano i nā ʻāpana o nā latitu ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he luaipele hana a Kilimanjaro paha ia? ʻO kēia nīnau he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ia, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāpana muli loa o kāna kumu honua i hōʻike i kekahi manawa i nā hōʻailona o ka hana lua pele.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mauna Kilimanjaro ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka pāpale hau. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki o ka nānā ʻana, ua emi ka uhi keʻokeʻo ma mua o 80%, a i loko o ka hapa haneli i hala, ua lilo ka mauna ʻApelika i ka hapa nui o kāna mau aniani. Aia nā koena o ka hau i uhi ʻia ma luna o ʻelua piko, akā ʻo lākou pū kekahi, e like me nā wānana a nā loea, e nalowale loa ma nā makahiki he 15 e hiki mai ana. ʻO ke kumu a nā ʻepekema e ʻōlelo nei he hoʻomehana honua. Hōʻike nā kiʻi o Mount Kilimanjaro mai nā makahiki like ʻole o ke kenekulia i hala i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi a me ka nalo ʻana o nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma nā piko o nā kuahiwi.

Flora a me nā holoholona

Uhi ʻia nā kuahiwi i nā ululāʻau pāhihi a hoʻopuni ʻia e nā savannas ʻApelika pau ʻole. ʻO ka flora a me nā holoholona o ka Tanzania National Park kahi waiwai i nā ʻano laha i kēia mau wahi, a me nā mea kū hoʻokahi a me nā mea ʻaneʻane pau, no ka pono i hana ʻia ai kahi mālama.

ʻO ka panalāʻau nui o ka mauna, ma ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā, piha i nā ʻāpana āpau o nā mauna mauna kiʻekiʻe o ʻApelika.

uhi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao hema me nā savannas o nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,000 m a ma kahi o kahi kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua km ma nā pali ʻākau;
na ululaau wawae;
nā ululāʻau mauna - mai 1.3 a 2.8 km;
subalpine puʻu ulu;
tundine alpine - ka mea nui loa maʻAfelika;
Noho ka wao akua ʻo Alpine i ka piko o ka mauna.

Aia nā ululāʻau ma luna o 2,700 m i ka wahi pale o ka pāka aupuni. Kūpono ka nānā ʻana o nā mea kanu o ka lua pele Kilimanjaro. ʻO ia kahi home i nā ʻano laha he nui o nā latitu ʻākau he nui aku, a me nā ʻano mea kanu kahiko a ʻano ʻē. ʻO kēia croton, kahi calendron i loko o nā ululāʻau o ka ʻākau a me ke komohana o ka mauna (ma nā kiʻekiʻe mai 1500 a 2000 m), ua pālahalaha nui aku ʻo cassiporea. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, noho ʻo ocotea (a i ʻole East Africa camphor lāʻau) i nā kiʻekiʻe like. Ma nā wahi ma luna o lākou aia nā ferns lāʻau laha ʻole, ʻo 7 mau mika ka nui.

ʻAʻohe o Mount Kilimanjaro i ke kāʻei o nā waoakua ʻohe i loaʻa i nā wahi mauna like like ma ʻApelika. Uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana subalpine ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa me nā lau nahele nui o ka hagenia a me ka podocarp. ʻOkoʻa ka Alpine tundra i kona ʻano a me ka heluna kanaka o nā meaola ola. Hoʻohui maikaʻi nā mea kanu i nā kūlana mauna kiʻekiʻe ʻoi loa - heather, immortelle, adenocarpus, sweating Kilimanjar, waxweed, myrsina ʻApelika, a me nā mea kanu he nui mai ka ʻohana hardge sedge.

ʻAʻole i emi iki ka ʻano o ka manu o ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro ma Tanzania. Hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli mau ʻano o nā māmela - aneane 90 o lākou e noho i nā ululāʻau. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea i nā hui o nā moʻo, nā hanana he nui o nā mea ʻino, nā antelope, a me nā opeapea. ʻO nā mea maʻamau i nā nāhelehele: nā leopadi, nā moʻo, nā galago, nā buffalo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hele nā ʻelepani ʻelua haneli ʻApelika i nā kahawai o nā muliwai ʻo Namwai a me Tarakiya, e piʻi nei i kēlā me kēia manawa i kahi kiʻekiʻe Kilimanjar kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi e pau ai nā ululāʻau, kahi e noho ai nā mea ʻimi mamala liʻiliʻi. Piha nā pali o ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro i nā ʻano manu like ʻole. Aia ma kahi o 180 mau ʻano o nā manu, e laʻa me: ka ʻalā manu, a i ʻole ka ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi, kahi kālā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻokahi, ʻo Hunter's cysticola, sunflower huelo, nā manu koraka.

Nā kūlana o ka mauna Kilimanjaro

ʻO ka zoning climatic o ka Kilimanjaro kūlohelohe i ʻApelika e ʻike ʻia i nā noho mahana a me nā kūlana o ka wā i ka nui. Hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ke kau ua ma aneʻi, loli ke aniau, lele ikaika ka mahana i nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka manawa o ka lā. No ke kumu o ka luaipele, he 28-30 ° С ke ʻano, a ke hoʻomaka nei mai ka ʻekolu kaukani mika a ʻoi aku, ʻano like nā hau i lalo a -15 °. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻāpana pae paʻa e kū nei ma nā pali o ka mauna.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nahele ulu e kahi ʻano mehana a mehana. Nui ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma aneʻi, a hoʻomehana ka ea a hōʻoluʻolu 25 ° C i ka lā (ma ka awelika ma kahi o 15 ° C).
ʻAʻohe o ka wai ma loko o ka tundra mauna o ʻApelika, a ua emi ka wela i kekahi mau kekelē.
E hauʻoli ka wao akua Alpine i nā mea aloha hoʻoilo me nā mahana subzero mua, ʻoiai i ke ao ke ʻoluʻolu ka mahana no kēia mau wahi.

ʻO ka glaciers piko o Mount Kilimanjaro ma Tanzania e hāʻawi i ka mahana awelika o –6 ° C. Noho aliʻi nā makani kūpuna ma aneʻi, a hiki i ka hau ke hiki i –20 ° C i ka pō.

I nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pali a me ke kiʻekiʻe, aia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka cloudiness, hoʻonui a hoʻemi i ka ua, a me nā hekili. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea āpau i ka hiʻona a me ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka noho ʻana ma nā pali - ʻo ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro ma ʻApelika kahi wahi punahele loa ia no ka piʻi ʻana i kona mau piko kiʻi.

Ke piʻi nei i ka mauna Kilimanjaro

Manaʻo ʻia hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā piko o ka mauna Kilimanjaro ma Tanzania i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi no ka piʻi ʻana, paʻakikī a me weliweli hoʻi. ʻO nā wā kūpono loa mai Iulai a Sepatemaba a Ianuali a Pepeluali. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ke aniau, a kūlike nā mahina me ke kauwela a i ʻole New Year hoʻomaha o nā mākaʻikaʻi. Loaʻa nā huakaʻi mauna ma Tanzania mai nā kiko like ʻole i ka wāwae. Kū mau lākou i 5 a 8 mau lā.

He ʻokoʻa nā alahele ma muli o ka nui o nā panalāʻau i hele ʻia, ka ʻike me ka ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia wahi āpana. Pau nā huakaʻi i nā wahi kiʻekiʻena o ka lua pele i ka manawa o ka nānā ʻana i ka puka ʻana o ka lā, a laila hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi hoʻi. Aia he 6 mau ala i ka huina, ma ka inoa o nā kauhale kahi i hele mai ai:

Marangu;
Rongai;
Umbwe;
Makame;
Lemosho;
ala ʻākau.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi huakaʻi i ka lua pele ma ke ʻano he ala hou.

ʻAʻole hana wale ʻia nā huakaʻi huakaʻi ʻana ma Tanzania. ʻO kēlā me kēia mauna kahi hōʻike koʻikoʻi no ka poʻe piʻi, ʻoiai me nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike. Eia hou, no ka naʻi ʻana i ka mauna, pono ʻoe i nā lako pono a me nā pono hana, ʻo ka nui o ke kaumaha o ia mau mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kaʻana like me kekahi. ʻOiai ʻo ka piʻi ʻana i ka mauna hiki ke hiki i ke ala mai Kenya (ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau) a me Tanzania, ma ka ʻaelike ma waena o nā mokuʻāina, ʻo nā ala Tanzanian wale nō i waiho ʻia a mālama ʻia. ʻAʻole hoʻolako ʻia ka pali Kenyan me nā pono kūpono.

I mea e lanakila ai i nā pilikia āpau a me nā mea keakea i ke ala e lanakila ai i luna, pono pono e nānā i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.

Ke komo pono ʻana o kahi alakaʻi a me nā mea kōkua (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1-2 mau kānaka), me ka ʻole o lākou e hiki ʻole ai ke piʻi aʻe.
Nā pono kūpono, nā kāmaʻa kūikawā, nā kapa komo wela (ʻoi aku paha ma mua o hoʻokahi hoʻonohonoho), nā mea insulated a wai ʻole.
Ka lawa kūpono o ka hoʻoikaika kino, meaola paʻakikī, ikaika palekana, kuleana e pili ana i ke olakino, ka hāʻawi kūpono o ka ikehu a me ka ikaika.

Eia hou, pono ʻoe i ka meaʻai, nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino, nā mea e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoluʻolu maʻamau. Hōʻike ʻia kahi papa inoa piha o ka pono no ka piʻi ʻana ma ka pūnaewele o ka hui e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā huakaʻi ma Tanzania. Aia kekahi papa inoa o nā mea i makemake ʻia e makemake ʻia, akā ʻaʻole pono. No laila, pono ʻoe e loaʻa, me ka hoʻohui i nā lole a me nā mea mehana, kahi ʻeke moe, aniani aniani, kahi lei poʻo, nā lāʻau trekking, a me kahi ʻōmole wai. Ma waho o kēia, hāʻawi ka ʻoihana hoʻonohonoho i kahi hale lole, kahi moena hoʻomoana, nā ipu, a me nā lako hoʻomoana.

Pili ke kumukūʻai i kau ʻia ma ke ala, ka lōʻihi o ka piʻi ʻana, ka nui o ka poʻe i ka hui, i ʻokoʻa ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā kūlana. Hoʻomaka ka huina kālā ma USD 1,350 (ke ala ʻo Marangu, 8 mau lā) a piʻi i ka USD 4265 (1 kahi ala kanaka me kahi huakaʻi i ka lua pele). I ka manawa like, pono i kekahi e noʻonoʻo i kahi o Mount Kilimanjaro i loaʻa - hiki i ka lawelawe a ka hui ke komo i kahi hoʻololi mai ke kahua mokulele ʻo Tanzania a i ʻole ʻoe e kiʻi i laila iā ʻoe iho.

E ʻike i nā PRICES a i ʻole puke i kekahi wahi e noho ai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia palapala

ʻO kekahi mau mea hoihoi

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā piko kuahiwi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole like ka Lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro me he mea keakea lā, akā naʻe, he 40% wale nō o nā poʻe piʻi i hōʻea i kāna mau kiko kiʻekiʻe.
Lanakila ka mauna ʻaʻole wale e nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi olakino maikaʻi loa: i ka makahiki 2009, hiki i nā piʻi piʻi makapō he 8 ke piʻi i luna, nā mea, me kā lākou hana, i kōkua ai e hōʻiliʻili kālā no 52 mau keiki makapō.
ʻO ka piʻi mua loa ma Kilimanjaro he 87 mau makahiki.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o 20 tausani mau poʻe e hoʻāʻo e piʻi i ka mauna.
Aneane he 10 mau kānaka e pepehi ʻia ma aneʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka piʻi.

ʻAʻole wale ʻo Mount Kilimanjaro kahi paka kūlohelohe i piha i nā mea kupaianaha, akā kahi huakaʻi maoli nō. A i mea e ʻike ai i ka ʻōpikipiki o nā manaʻo, e lilo i mea nona kahi ʻike poina ʻole, e hoʻopā i ka hanohano o ʻApelika - no kēia mea pono ʻoe e kipa iā Tanzania a ʻike pono i nā ʻano lua ʻole o Kilimanjaro.

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