"Mai luna a i nā aʻa" - nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka beet kō
ʻO ka beet kō (Beta vulgaris saccharifera L.) kahi aʻa aʻa me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 20%) o ka sukrosa, ʻo ia ka mea kanu ʻoihana nui loa no ka hana kō.
ʻO nā ʻōpala i loaʻa mai ka hana ʻana o ka beet kō a waiwai a hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai, i ka mālama holoholona a no ka momona ʻana i ka lepo, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona momona a me kāna hanana. No ka ʻike hou aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aʻa aʻa, e ʻike i ka ʻatikala.
I nā ʻoihana hea a pehea e hana ʻia ai ka mea kanu i Lūkia?
Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka beet kō.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia i:
- hana kō;
- ʻOihana ʻAi;
- hanai holoholona;
- nā lāʻau lapaʻau;
- ikehu.
ʻO ka nānā nui i ka hana kō. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōpala i ke kaʻina hana i ka mahiʻai no ka hana ʻana o ka hānai.
I ka ʻoihana meaʻai - no ka hana ʻana i ka hū a me ka waiʻona. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā microorganism, loaʻa nā lactic a me nā citric acid - nā mea maka no ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā mea lāʻau. ʻO Monosodium glutamate, nā wikamina, nā streptomycin a me nā penicillins kekahi pono o ka hana ʻana o kēia moʻomeheu.
I ka ʻenehana ikehu, lawelawe ka beet kō ma ke ʻano he kumu ʻē aʻe o biogas - methane. Hoʻopuka kahi ton o ke kō kō ma kahi o 80 mau mika cubic o ka biomethane, 1 tone o nā kiʻekiʻe, no ka hoʻohālikelike - 84 m³.
Loaʻa ka 1 kg o nā mea kanu aʻa me 0.25, a ma luna - nā hale hānai 0.20, e like me 0.25 a me 0.2 kg o nā ʻoka.
No ka hoʻohālikelike: hiki i ka 1 kg o ka ʻoka ke hoʻohuli ʻia i ke kino o kahi holoholona i 150 g momona.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mea kanu
Nui nā mea āpau i kēia aʻa aʻa - "mai luna a i nā aʻa". I ke kaʻina o ka ʻohi ʻana, ʻokiʻoki ʻia a kiʻekiʻe a mālama ʻia, a hoʻouna ʻia i ka hānai holoholona. No kēia, hana ʻia ka hapa nui o ia mea no ka silage (hū). Hoʻomaloʻo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a kaomi ʻia no ka mālama hou ʻana a hoʻohana.
ʻO ke aʻa aʻa ponoʻī ka mea maka nui no ka hana kō. I ke kaʻina hana, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka sucrose a hoʻololi iā ia i huahana i kamaʻāina iā mākou, loaʻa nā pāʻina de-sugar beet a me kahi wai kō kō haʻahaʻa, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana hou.
Meaʻai aʻa
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā beets kō e loaʻa ai ke kō a me nā huahana. He paʻakikī a me ka waiwai nui ka ʻenehana hana kō.
Ma mua o ka unuhi pololei ʻana o ke kō a me nā huahana, pono e hoʻomākaukau pono nā mea maka - holoi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Kahaʻōlelo! ʻO ka nui o ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia i ke aʻa holoi holoi aʻa mai 60% a 100% o ko lākou kaumaha.
Mai nā hua aʻa i ke kaʻina hana, loaʻa iā lākou:
- kō;
- pulp.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā piko
ʻO nā beet top kahi huahana hānai waiwai. Loaʻa iā ia a 20% mau mea maloʻo, ma kahi o 3% protein, nā momona a me nā huaora. ʻO 100 kg o nā kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 20 mau hānai hānai. ʻO ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka ʻike fiber e ʻae iā ia e hoʻohana i ka hānai ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ka pipi, akā ʻo nā puaʻa pū kekahi.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia nuipa ʻōmaʻomaʻo (i loaʻa nā lau, luna a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o nā hua aʻa) no ka hānai holoholona i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- hou;
- i ke ʻano o ka silo;
- hoʻomaloʻo.
He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hana i ka palaoa mai luna. E hana i kēia, ua haki a maloʻo i nā pahu maloʻo. Ke mālama nei i ka mahana a hiki i ka 95 ° C e ʻae iā ʻoe e mālama i nā wikamina a hoʻēmi i ka nalo ʻana o nā mea maloʻo. ʻO ka 1kg maloʻo maloʻo ka hānai 0.7. anakahi a i ka 140 g o ka protein. ʻAe kēlā mau hōʻailona e hoʻololi i ka hapahā o ka hānai paʻa me ka palaoa mai luna.
Iecaianoaaiiuo Sugar, bagasse a me nā neoneo
ʻO ka huahana nui o ka hana ʻana i beet ka hana kō. 160 kg o ke kō i loaʻa mai 1 tone o beets.
Ma waho aʻe o ke kō, nā hua e pili ana i ke kō o ka hua pakiaka, nā kūlana a me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana, nui ka nui o nā ʻōpala, hoʻihoʻi ʻia kekahi o lākou no ka hana kō hou ʻana, a hoʻouna ʻia ke koena no ka hana hou ʻana no nā pono o ka mālama holoholona (pulp), ke koena - no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai, bioenergy a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. nā ʻoihana.
ʻO kēia mau huahana e:
- pulp;
- pectin;
- molakeke (molakeke);
- limu defecation.
ʻEnehana hana
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kō mai ka beet kō he hana multistage paʻakikī, ke kumu o ia:
- Ke kiʻi ʻana i ka syrup... I kēia manawa, ua haki ka nui i hoʻomākaukau ʻia o nā aʻa aʻa i ka mokuʻāina o ka ʻumiʻumi a hoʻouna ʻia i nā hāmeʻa diffusion. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me ka wai wela, holoi ʻia ka wai diffusion mai ka nui. He ʻeleʻele i ke kala a loaʻa i kahi nui o nā incast ballast.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi syrup a me ka crystallization hou aʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka waiū o ka lime a me carbon dioxide. A laila mānoanoa ka wai i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a loaʻa ka syrup kō me kahi kō kō.
- Ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kō... ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kō ke hana ka syrup ma waena o ka mīkini pahupa a me ka centrifugation hou aʻe, kahi e hemo ai ka momona a hana ʻia ka hana crystallization. ʻO ka mea aʻe e hiki mai ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka huahana hope.
- ʻO ka hana pectin... ʻO nā Pectins he polysaccharides acidic o nā kumu kanu i hoʻohana ʻia e ka ʻoihana meaʻai - e like me nā mea i kūkulu ʻia, nā mānoanoa, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau - e like me nā mea hana physiologically.
Loaʻa iā Pectin mai ka pulp beet a me ka hopena diffusion. No kēia pulp e hoʻoili ʻia i ka lua o ka unuhi ʻana, ua hui ʻia ka wai i loaʻa ma hope o ke kaomi ʻana me ka hopena mua a hoʻohana ʻia kēia hui e loaʻa nā pectins.
ʻO ke kūlana o nā pectins i loaʻa mai i ka pulp beet he kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai he mana sorption maikaʻi loa kā lākou, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa lākou i ka hiki ke hāʻawi aku i nā ʻāpala a me nā citrus counterparts.
He aha kāu e loaʻa ai ma ka home?
ʻOhana ʻenehana ka multistep a paʻakikī. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoihana a me ka hana ʻana i nā nui o nā kō hanalima granulated. Kū aʻe ka nīnau - hiki ke kiʻi, inā ʻaʻole kō, a laila kahi huahana kō i loko o ka home? ʻAʻole paʻakikī, ʻoiai hana.
- Holoi maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu a hoʻolapalapa ʻia me ka ikaika no hoʻokahi hola.
Wehe i ka peel. Inā haʻalele ʻoe iā ia, a laila e loaʻa i ka huahana hope loa kahi ʻono ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
- Ma hope o ka ʻili ʻana, haki nā beets (ʻoki, ʻānai, ʻokiʻoki ʻia) a kau ʻia ka nui ma lalo o kahi kaomi.
- Hoʻopiha ʻia ka pōpō make wai me ka wai wela. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wai ma mua o ka nui o ka pōpō.
- Pono ke kau ʻana, hoʻopau ʻia ka wai a hiki ke hala hou i ka keke ma o kaomi.
- Hoʻohui ʻia ka concentrate i loaʻa ma mua me kahi hopena lua a evaporated.
ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ke kō kōpaʻa ma ka home (pono ʻole ka mīkini uila, pono nā centrifuges), akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka syrup kō ma ka paila ʻana, e hana ana i ka jam. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka huahana i loko o kahi pahu airtight i ka pouli.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wikiō no ka hana ʻana i ka syrup beet syrup, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he molasses:
ʻOhana ʻenehana ka multistep a paʻakikī. Akā ʻoiai me ka hana paʻakikī ʻole, pili pono nā beets kō no kahi kua pilikino.