He holoholona weliweli paha ka ʻīlio hae, a he holoholona helu paha?

No ka hapanui o ka poʻe, ʻaʻole wale ka ʻīlio hae hihiu wale nō, akā he kiʻi archetypal ʻike ʻia mai ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole ua lilo ʻo ia i ʻano i nā kaʻao. Ua makaʻu a mahalo ka poʻe i kēia holoholona. Ua hoʻoweliweli lākou i nā keiki hoʻolohe ʻole me kahi ʻīlio hae, i kapa ʻia he kaikuaʻana o kahi kāne, haku ʻia nā moʻolelo kaʻao a me nā kaʻao e pili ana iā ia.

I nā ʻōlelo o nā lāhui like ʻole o ka honua, consonant ka huaʻōlelo wolf. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ua hānau ʻia ia ma ka ʻōlelo Slavic Kahiko a ʻo ia hoʻi "e kauō" a i ʻole "kauō". Kohu mea lā, hele mai ka inoa mai ke ʻano o ka huki ʻana i ka mea pio (kauō i mua ou).

Kahi noho a me ka mahele i ka honua

I nā kenekulia i hala, ʻo ka ʻīlio hae ka holoholona nui loa ma ka honua. I kēia lā, ua emi nui ka nohona. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka laha nui ʻana o ka holoholona e ke kanaka. I kēia lā, noho ka hapa nui o nā laha ma ka ʻāina o nā mokuʻāina aʻe: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Georgia, China, Korea, Iran, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Scandinavian a me nā ʻāina ʻo Balicic, nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema, Italia, Polani, Sepania , Pokukala, Mekiko, USA, Kanada.

Hoʻololi ka ʻīlio hae i ke ola ma kēlā me kēia wahi, akā e hoʻāʻo e noho ma nā wahi me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kumu lāʻau. Noho pinepine ia i kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka. I ka taiga, no ka laʻana, hahai mau ʻo ia i ka poʻe, koho i nā wahi no kahi e noho ai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kumu lāʻau.

I nā wahi mauna noho lākou a hiki i ka palena o nā kula, e koho ana i nā wahi ʻoʻoleʻa.

ʻO ka ʻīlio hae kekahi o nā holoholona ʻāina. I ke kau anuanu, noho mau nā ʻohana. Kaha ʻia ka nohona o ka ʻohana me nā lepili. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ia teritori e hiki i 44 km. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mahina mahanahana, hana paʻa nā holoholona i mau pālua.

ʻO ka poʻe ikaika loa e hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina, ʻoiai ke koena e hoʻopuehu. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hele pū nā ʻīlio hae me nā pūʻā dia a me nā holoholona.

Nā kūpuna o nā ʻīlio hihiu a me ka evolution

ʻO ka kupuna kupuna paha o ka ʻīlio hae o kēia manawa ʻo Canis lepophagus. He lunamakaʻāinana kēia o nā ʻano puaʻa canine i noho ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema i ka wā Miocene.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā mua o Pleistocene. Ma waena o nā laha he Canis priscolatrans, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka nui. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia ʻano ke kūpuna o ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula, kahi i neʻe i ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻololi a loli a hiki i Canis priscolatrans, ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia i ka puka ʻana o C. Mosbachensis - kahi ʻano like like me nā ʻelele o kēia au. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua lilo ʻo C. Mosbachensis i Canis lupus.

Nā ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia ʻano

ʻIke ka ʻepekema e pili ana i 32 mau ʻano a me nā subspecies o nā ʻīlio hae. E wehewehe ʻia nā manaʻo hoihoi loa i lalo.

Arctic (polar)

ʻO nā subspecies rarest loa o ka ʻīlio hae ʻeleʻele. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma Greenland, ma ka ʻākau o Kanada a me ʻĀkelika. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kānaka i ke anuanu a me ka hau i hiki ai ke mālama i kahi e noho ai i kona ʻano kumu.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻīlio hihiu hae e kona kino nui a ikaika hoʻi. Hiki i ke kāne kāne i ka mea mae ke hiki i 1 m, me ke kaona o 100 kg. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano e ka diformism moekolohe (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine e 15-16%).

Hoʻololi kūpono ʻia ka holoholona i ke ola i nā kūlana o ka pō polar, e ʻimi ai i ka mea pio, e lanakila ana i nā wahi nui ma ke kula hau. Hiki i kahi kanaka makua ke ʻai a hiki i ka 12 kg o ka ʻiʻo i ka manawa. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻohe mea i koe o ka mea pio, ʻoiai ʻaʻole na nā ʻīlio hihiu polar e nau i kaʻiʻo, akā moni pū me nā iwi.

Noho nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i nā holoholona o 12-15 mau kānaka. ʻO ke poʻo o kēlā hui ʻaʻole hiki i ke kāne wale nō, akā wahine pū kekahi. Aia kekahi mau manawa ke ʻae a pack i nā ʻīlio hae lone (inā hoʻolohe lākou i ke alakaʻi).

Pākuʻi ʻia

Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka laha mai ka huluhulu lōʻihi e uhi ana i ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāpana poʻohiwi. Me he mane lio lā ka ʻili. ʻO ʻAmelika Hema kahi wahi nui o ka noho ʻana.

He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kā ka ʻīlio hae. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o nā ʻano he pepeiao nui a me kahi poʻo elongated. I ka helehelena, nānā wiwi ka holoholona. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua ma mua o 25 kg.

He ʻīlio hihiu ka ʻīlio hae. Koho ʻo ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā manu, a me nā mea kolo me he mea pio lā. ʻAi ʻia i nā huaʻai.

Hoihoi! I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, aia kahi hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ʻia o kēia laha. I kēia lā ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pilikia, akā hoʻomau ka holoholona i ka hoʻomau i ka puke Red.

ʻO Mackensens

ʻO nā lāhui maʻamau loa i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau. Hiki ke kaumaha o ka holoholona i 80 kg, a ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 90 knm. Huli kēlā me kēia i dia, nā bipi musk, elk a me bison.

Kuahiwi (ʻulaʻula)

He helehelena nani ko ka ʻīlio hae kuahiwi. Ua like ke ʻano o kona hulu me ka ʻalopeke. ʻOi aku ka kaumaha ma luna o 20 kg. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 100 cm. Aia ke kala i ka ʻāina o ka noho. I ke kau anuanu, lilo ka huluhulu i palupalu, fluffier a mānoanoa. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka wela, lawe ia i ke kala ʻeleʻele a hoʻomaka i ke kōwele.

Noho nā mea hānai o kēia ʻano a hānai i kahi pua o 12-15 mau kānaka. ʻAʻohe liʻiliʻi ke alakaʻi akāka i ko lākou kaiāulu. Koho ʻia nā dia, antelope a i ʻole nā ​​rodents nui i mea pio. Hiki i kahi ʻohana ikaika ke hoʻouka i ka bipi a i ka leopadi paha. Inā loaʻa ka hemahema o ka meaʻai, hiki i ka ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula ke ʻai i ke kino make.

Hoihoi! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻīlio hae kuahiwi ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe (a me nā canine āpau), hoʻouka ia i ka mea pio mai ke kua, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻana e ʻeli i ka ʻāʻī.

Noho ka holoholona i kahi hūnā, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻonohonoho i nā wahi kaʻa mai kahi noho o ke kanaka. Pale kēia i ke aʻo ʻana.

ʻUlaʻula

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula e like me ka helehelena o nā kānaka hina, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula wale nō ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui a me ke kaupaona, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā pepeiao a me ka lauoho. Hiki i ke kino ke hōʻea i 130 knm i ka lōʻihi a me 40 kg i ke kaupaona. ʻAʻole monochromatic ke kala, ʻulaʻula ka waha a me nā wāwae, a ʻeleʻele ke kua.

Noho nā Predators i nā puʻu, steppes a me nā kuahiwi. Aia nā hipa i nā kānaka o nā makahiki like ʻole. I kahi hui, aneane ʻaʻole he huhū i kēlā me kēia lālā.

ʻAi wale ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula i kaʻiʻo wale nō, akā me nā mea kanu hoʻi. ʻAi nui i nā lāpaki, nā rodents a me nā raccoons. Kākaʻikahi loa, akā hoʻouka i nā māmela nui. Aia kekahi mau manawa ke lilo ka mea ʻaihue iā ia iho i waiwai pio o ka lynx a i ʻole he alligator.

ʻ wlio hihiu maʻamau

Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano i ka ʻīlio hae ʻeleʻele hina. ʻO ia ka holoholona maʻa mau i ka ʻohana. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 160 cm, ke kaupaona - 80 kg.

Noho ka holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hema, a ma Eurasia. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi loa ka helu. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka luku ʻia ʻana o kānaka. A ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau wale nō ka heluna kanaka i koe i kahi pae paʻa.

He aha nā ʻīlio hae e ʻai ai

He holoholona ʻaihue ka ʻīlio hae. Koho pinepine ia i nā holoholona aʻe ma ke ʻano he pio:

• Roe.
• ʻAnelope.
• Puaʻa.
• Deer.
• Hare.
• Elk.

ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, a me nā poʻe mehameha hoʻi, hoʻouka i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi - nā rodents, gophers, nā manu. Hiki iā ia ke kākaʻikahi loa e koho i kahi pio ma ke alo o kahi predator nui, ʻoiai aia kekahi manawa ke lele kaua nā ʻohana i nā ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​bea hiamoe, ʻalopeke

I loko o ka wā pōloli, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i nā kupapaʻu i ʻai hapa ʻia. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā mea ʻino i ke kino o ke kino.

Ma waho o kaʻiʻo, ʻai lākou i nā hua o ka nahele, nā hua, nā mauʻu, nā wai ʻāhi, a me nā melon. ʻO ia mau meaʻai e ʻae iā ʻoe e loaʻa i ka nui o ka wai i makemake ʻia.

Hoʻohua a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā keiki

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kahi mau ʻīlio hae no ke ola. Inā make kekahi o nā hoa, ʻaʻole ʻimi ka ʻē aʻe i kahi pani. Noho nā holoholona i nā pua hipa o 12 a 45 mau kānaka (kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano.

Aia kahi hierarchy i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i ke kaiāulu wolf. He holoholona alpha ke poʻo (hiki i ke kāne a i ka wahine paha). A laila he mau mākua, nā ʻīlio hae wale, a me nā ʻīlio pēpē. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻae ʻia nā poʻe mehameha i ka ʻohana. ʻO ke kūlana nui kahi hoʻomanawanui i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻeke. Ke hiki i nā ʻīlio keiki i ka makahiki ʻekolu, kipaku ʻia lākou i waho o ka conglomerate. ʻO ka manawa kēia e ʻimi ai i kahi hoa ma kāu iho a hoʻomaka i kahi ʻohana.

Hoihoi! Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā pēpē i hānau ʻia i ka ʻōpala like, ʻaʻole loa e pili kekahi me kekahi.

ʻO ka manawa koʻikoʻi loa i ke ola o kahi pack ka wā moena, ke hoʻāʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine alpha e pale aku i nā lālā ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hakakā pinepine ma waena o nā holoholona i ka make.

No hoʻokahi litter, he wolf wahine mai 3 a 15 mau ʻīlio pēpē. Ua hatch nā keiki ma mua o ʻelua mau mahina. Hānau makapō nā pika. Wehe nā maka 10-14 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Nā Wolves ma nā zoo - nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana i ka pio

Noho lōʻihi nā Wolves ma nā zoo ma mua o nā ʻohana hihiu (ʻo 20 mau makahiki ke ola mua, ʻo ka lua mai 8 a 15). ʻO kēia ke kumu i ka nāhelehele, nā ʻelemākule, hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai, make a lilo i poʻe hoʻoweliweli.

No ke ola piha i ka pio, pono e hana i nā kūlana kūikawā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he holoholona i kona ʻano kūlohelohe e huakaʻi i 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kēia kahi ukana maʻamau a pono, no laila aia kahi pā nui kūpono. He mea maikaʻi e hana hou i nā kūlana o kahi e noho ai ka holoholona.

Pono e hoʻopau i kahi kanaka makua a 2 kg o kaʻiʻo hou i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka hoʻoilo, piʻi ka helu i 3 kg.

Pono e lawe i nā meaʻai ola i loko i kēlā me kēia manawa e mālama i ka insta o ka hunter.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻīlio hae i ʻīlio

Hāʻule pinepine nā keiki liʻiliʻi i nā lima o ka poʻe hahai holoholona. Lawe ʻole lākou i nā holoholona i ka zoo. Lawe kekahi iā lākou i ka home, kūʻai aku kekahi iā lākou. ʻO ia huahana ke koi ʻia, aia kekahi poʻe makaʻu e makemake ana e kiʻi i kahi predator. A ʻo ka makemake e hānai i kahi holoholona mai kahi holoholona hihiu ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoulu i ka pīhoihoi.

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hewa kēlā ʻano hoʻoholo a palekana ʻole hoʻi. He holoholona ʻaihue ka ʻīlio hae. Ke hoʻomaka nei i ka home e like me ke kanu ʻana i kahi pōkā manawa. Ma hope a ma hope e pahū.

Inā hōʻike ʻia kahi predator i loko o ka hale, a laila ka mea mua e pono e hana i nā kūlana āpau e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana. He holoholona naʻaupō ka wolf, aloha aloha a maʻalea hoʻi, no laila e hoʻolilo ʻo ia i kāna manawa kūʻokoʻa āpau e hoʻāʻo ana e puka i waho o ka pā. Hoʻohui, hiki iā ia ke aʻo i nā hana kuʻuna mai nā kānaka. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo pehea e wehe ai ke kanaka i ka pā a hana iā ia iho.

Pono wale ia e mālama i ka ʻīlio hae ma ka hale i loko o kahi hale kūikawā, a i ʻole hale manu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻopili i kahi loea no kāna kūkulu ʻana. ʻO kahi hīnaʻi i ʻākoakoa koke ʻia mai nā mea hana kāwele ke kōkua i ka manuahi a alakaʻi i ka pōʻino.

ʻO kahi kiko ʻē aʻe e pono ai i nā mea āpau ke ʻike i ka poʻe e makemake e kala i ka holoholona hihiu. ʻAʻole ia e hana ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio. He holoholona ʻaihue ka ʻīlio hae, a he ʻenemi ke kanaka, makaʻu mau nō ʻo ia iā ia. No laila, ke hoʻāʻo kahi malihini e komo i ka panalāʻau o ka hale, e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e peʻe.

ʻIke wikiō

ʻIkepili Hoihoi

• ʻO nā hoʻokolohua he nui e nā mea hānai i hopena i nā ʻano huikau o ka ʻīlio hae a me ka ʻīlio. I kēia lā, ʻae ʻia ʻelua mau huikau hui - ka wolf Czechoslovakian a me nā Sarloos.
• I ka wā waena, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo ia i ke kauā a ka diabolō. Ua haku ʻia nā moʻolelo he nui, nā kaʻao, nā kaʻao, i hōʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi o kahi holoholona hihiu.
• ʻO nā kapa komo he nui no nā ʻohana hanohano o ʻEulopa i loaʻa ke kiʻi o kahi ʻīlio hae. Ua ʻōlelo nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻohana ʻohana kahiko no ko lākou ʻohana mai werewolves (kahi hui o kahi kāne a he ʻīlio hae).
• Ma mua o ke kaua, ua kau ka Scandinavian Vikings i nā ʻili wolf a ua inu i ke koko o nā mea ʻaihue. I ko lākou manaʻo, manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano lawena e lawe i ka laki.
• I ke kenekulia 16, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ʻIlelani ka ʻāina wolf. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka nui o nā ʻohana hipa e noho ana ma kēia mau ʻāina.
• I ka mālie, hiki i ka holoholona ke lohe i ke kani i kahi mamao o 17 km.
• ʻO nā Wolves nāʻauʻau maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau i kahi mamao o 10 km i kēlā me kēia manawa.
• He mea mahalo ʻo Hitler i kēia mau holoholona. No kēia kumu, nui nā inoa o nā keʻena nui o ka Wehrmacht i pili me nā mea ʻaihue.
• He mea mau i waena o ka poʻe Aztecs e hou i kahi kanaka make i ka umauma me ka iwi wolf. I ko lākou manaʻo, me ke kōkua o ka hana maʻamau, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopakele ʻia mai ka make.
• I ka ʻōlelo Kepanī, ka huaʻōlelo wolf he "akua nui".

I ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻīlio hae i mau kenekulia, ua ʻike ke kanaka he holoholona hoʻopaʻapaʻa a akamai hoʻi ka predator, ʻaʻole wale he mea alualu a hoʻomake paha. ʻO ke kiʻi o ke ola i ka nāhelehele, e noho pālua nei, e kūkulu ana i kahi alapiʻi hierarchical i kahi ʻohana, e ʻae iā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kū hoʻokahi o kēia mammal.

E nānā i ka wikiō: Kaķu filma (Iulai 2024).