ʻO Tower of the Madmen kekahi o nā hale hōʻikeʻike kontroversial loa i ka honua
Aia ma waena o nā wahi o Wina kahi hale hoʻokahi, he weliweli ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka Tower of Fools - ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i kekahi o nā hale o ka Museum of the History of Natural Science, kahi i loaʻa ai ka pupule i nā kūlana kolohe ʻole, a i kēia manawa he hale hōʻiliʻili e hōʻike ana i nā mea kipa me nā ʻano pathologies a me nā deformities i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻia.
Mōʻaukala o ka helehelena
ʻO ka Tower of Fools kahi hale ʻelima mau lūlū kaumaha e like me ka silina squat mai waho. Aia ia ma ka ʻāina o ke Kulanui o Vienna. Ma waena o nā kamaʻāina, ua ʻike ʻia kēia hale kiaʻi ʻo "Rum Baba" no ka mea like ia me kēia pāʻina i kona ʻano maʻamau.
ʻO kēlā me kēia papahele o ka hale he ala hele poepoe, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua he puka komo i nā lumi liʻiliʻi me hoʻokahi puka aniani. Kau lei ʻia ka hale me ka octagon lāʻau.
Pili pili ka moʻaukala o kēia hale kiaʻi me ka inoa o Emperor Joseph II, ka mea i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 i kauoha i ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka hale kahiko a hoʻokumu ʻia i laila kahi haukapila hou no kēlā mau manawa. I ka manawa mua, lawelawe ka hale kiaʻi ma ke ʻano he haukapila, kahi haukapila makuahine a me kahi hale pupule pupule, akā ma hope ua lilo ia i home kaumaha wale, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hāʻawi piha ʻia i nā pono o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo.
ʻO ka psychiatry i kēlā manawa ma kahi pae zero o ka hoʻomohala - i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lilo ka haukapila i wahi paʻa no nā mea maʻi maikaʻi ʻole. Ua kaulahao ʻia ka poʻe kolohe, ʻo ke koena e holoholo manuahi ana i nā alaloa. ʻAʻohe puka o nā pā hale, ʻaʻohe wai o ka hale, ʻoiai i kēlā manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ka wai ka weliweli no ka poʻe maʻi noʻonoʻo.
Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka leʻaleʻa i kēlā mau lā, ʻākoakoa ana ka lehulehu o ka poʻe hoihoi i ka hale pupule pupule, a i mea e pale aku ai i nā mea maʻi mai ka poʻe e ʻike ana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wahi o nā lapuwale me ka paia. Kaulana nō hoʻi ka hale no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ke kauoha a Joseph II, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi o nā koʻokoʻo uila ʻaʻole wale ma Austria, akā ma ka honua pū kekahi. Kuhi ka poʻe mōʻaukala ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana e hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i nā hoʻokuʻu uila e mālama ai i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo.
I ka waena o ke kenekulia 19, ua lilo ka Tower of Fools ma Vienna i wahi paʻa no ka pupule, ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia he manaʻolana ʻole, a ʻo ka poʻe i hoʻāʻo e hoʻōla i lawe ʻia i kahi haukapila hou. A i ka makahiki 1869 pani ʻia kēia keʻena huna no ka pupule, a no nā makahiki he 50 e hiki mai ana ua hakahaka ka hale kiaʻi.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hale hakahaka i ka hale moe o nā limahana lapaʻau o ka haukapila kūlanakauhale ʻo Vienna, a ma hope he mau hale kūʻai no nā lāʻau, nā hale hōʻikeʻike, a me kahi dispensary no nā kauka. A i ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka Tower of Fools i ka mana o ke Kulanui o Vienna, ua wehe ʻia kahi hale hōʻikeʻike pathological ma loko ona, a me ka hōʻiliʻili nui loa ʻaʻole wale ma Austria, akā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa hoʻi, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano pathology a me nā deformities o ke kino kanaka.
He aha ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka exposition o ka hale hōʻikeʻike pathological, e hana nei i ka Tower of the Mad, i hoʻomaka ʻia e hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 e ka naturalist Joseph Pasqual Ferro. Ua pani ʻia ʻo ia e ke kauka poʻo o ka Halemai Nui o Vienna City ʻo Johann Peter Frank, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke keʻena mua a me ka hale hōʻikeʻike o nā anatomy pathological ma Austria. Mai ia manawa, ua ulu ka hōʻiliʻili ma luna o 50,000 mau hōʻike.
No nā kenekulia he ʻelua a ʻoi aku, e ʻohiʻohi ana nā kaukukū Austrian, nā pathologists a me nā ʻepekema i nā hōʻike e hoʻopiha i nā lumi he nui o ka Tower of the Mad ma Wina i kēia lā. ʻO kēia hōʻiliʻili i hoʻopiha hou ʻia me ka manawaleʻa i nā wā o nā maʻi ahulau i pinepine i kēlā mau lā. No ka ʻino a me ka maʻule o ka puʻuwai, ke kipa ʻana i nā hale hōʻikeʻike e hiki ai ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā manaʻo ʻoluʻolu ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe i kipa aku i ka Kunstkamera o St. Petersburg hiki ke noʻonoʻo maʻalahi i nā ʻike o kēia hōʻiliʻili.
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano malformation āpau o nā mea like ʻole ma aneʻi, i loko o nā dummies wax like me nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā hoʻomākaukau waiʻona. E ʻike ʻoe i ka mea a kēlā me kēia pathologist i hoʻokele ai e noʻonoʻo i kāna hana: fetus a me nā pēpē me nā ʻano deformities āpau, nā mea ola i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā maʻi weliweli like ʻole, nā helminths a me nā mea nani ʻē aʻe a me nā hanana.
Aia pū kekahi nā mea hana ʻoki lāʻau mai nā wā like ʻole, e hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā mea hana hoʻomāinoino, i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e huki ai i ka ulu ʻana o kēia lālā o ka lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā noho niho a me nā gynecological a me nā pono hana ʻē aʻe o nā keʻena lapaʻau o ka wā i hala.
Ma ʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻāina pū me ka mōʻaukala weliweli o ka Tower of Fools a me nā kūlana kolohe ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka poʻe maʻi noʻonoʻo, e nānā i nā papa, i like ke ʻano me nā keʻena paʻahao, me nā kaulahao kaulike e hōʻike nei i nā mea maʻi maikaʻi ʻole. Aia kahi lumi morgue, hana hou ʻia i nā ʻike āpau, a me kahi kahua hana o kahi pathologist.
Pāpā ʻia ka paʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻana i nā keʻena o ka hale hōʻikeʻike. Akā ʻo kēlā me kēia kanaka e makemake e hōʻano hou i nā mea āna i ʻike ai i kāna hoʻomanaʻo ʻana hiki iā ia ke kūʻai i kahi papa inoa o nā hale hōʻikeʻike me nā kiʻi kala.
ʻIke kūpono
ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Pathological o Vienna, i ʻike ʻia ma Austria ma ke ʻano ʻo ka Tower of Fools, aia ma ke kikowaena o Vienna, ma ka pā kula.
Kahi noho a pehea e hiki ai i laila
Aia ka mea hoʻokalakupua ma: Spitalgasse 2, Vienna 1090, ʻAukekulia.
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hiki ai ma laila ma ka metro, e lawe ana i ka laina U2 a i ke kahua o Schottentor. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ke kaʻa kaʻa a puni ka loop i kahi kū ʻo Votivkirche a laila hele wāwae iki.
Nā hola hana
ʻO ka Tower of the Mad (Vienna, Austria) wehe ʻia i ka lehulehu ʻekolu wale nō lā o ka pule.
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Hiki ke ʻike hou aku i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka Fools 'Tower ma Austria ma ka pūnaewele kūhelu o ka Pathological Museum Vienna: www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en/museum.
ʻO ke kipa ʻana i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Anatomical o Austria, aia ma ke kia hoʻomanaʻo a me ka mōʻaukala o Vienna, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Tower of Fools, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohiki i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu. Akā ʻaʻohe kānalua e waiho ia i kekahi me ka nānā ʻole.