Delphi: 8 mau hiʻohiʻona o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Helene

ʻO Delphi (Helene) kahi noho kahiko ma ke kihi o ka mauna Parnassus ma ka hema hikina o ka ʻāina ʻo Phocis. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o ka ʻāina, i kēia lā i hoʻololi ʻia i hale hōʻikeʻike ākea. Ua ola nā kia hoʻomanaʻo mōʻaukala he nui i kona panalāʻau, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i luku ʻia i loko o nā kenekulia e nā ʻōlaʻi a i kēia mau lā he mau ʻōpala. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻāla ʻo Delphi i ka hoihoi maoli i waena o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi, ma waena o nā mea aloha i ka moʻo Helene a me waena o nā mea mahalo i ka mōʻaukala kahiko i ka nui.

Aia nā wahi neoneo o Delphi ma 9.5 km mai ke kahakai o ke Kai Kūʻono o Corinto, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe he 700 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. 1.5 km mai ka noho kahiko, aia kahi kaona liʻiliʻi o ka inoa like, nona ka nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 3000 poʻe. Ma ʻaneʻi e kau ʻia ai nā ʻano hōkele a me nā hale ʻaina āpau, kahi e hele ai ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ma hope o ka huakaʻi ʻana i nā wahi kūloko. Ma mua o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea hōʻailona o ke kūlanakauhale, he mea nui e komo i loko o kāna mōʻaukala, a e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me nā kaʻao.

He kūmole mōʻaukala. Mythology

ʻO ka lā kikoʻī o ke ʻano o Delphi i ʻike ʻole ʻia, akā ʻo ka noiʻi archaeological i lawe ʻia ma kā lākou ʻāina e hōʻike ana e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 16th BC BC. He mea nui ka haipule ma ia wahi: i kēia manawa ka hoʻomana a ke akua wahine, i manaʻo ʻia ka makuahine o ka Honua holoʻokoʻa, ua ulu ma aneʻi. Ma hope o 500 mau makahiki, ua hina ka mea i ka hāʻule piha a ma nā kenekulia 7-6th wale nō. BC. ua hoʻomaka i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūlana o kahi heiau nui ma Helene kahiko. I loko o kēia wā, he mana ko nā oracles o ke kūlanakauhale, komo pū i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia politika a me nā haipule. Na ka kenekulia 5 BC. Ua huli ʻo Delphi i ke kikowaena ʻuhane Helene nui, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā Pāʻani Pythian i loko, kahi mea i kōkua e hōʻuluʻulu i nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina a hoʻokomo i loko o lākou i kahi ʻano o ka lokahi lāhui.

Eia nō naʻe, ma ka makahiki 4 BC. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Delphi e lilo i kāna mea nui ma mua, akā naʻe ua hoʻomau ʻia kekahi o nā wahi Helene nui loa. I ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 3 BC. Ua hoʻouka ka poʻe Gaul iā Helene a hao wale i ka pūnaewele kapu, me kona luakini nui. I ka kenekulia 1 BC. ua hoʻopio ʻia ke kūlanakauhale e ko Roma, akā ʻaʻole kēia i pale i ka poʻe Helene i hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope mai ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka luakini ma Delphi, i luku ʻia e nā Gaul. ʻO ka pāpā hope loa i nā hana o nā oracles Greek mai ka emepela Roma ʻo Theodosius I i 394 wale nō.

Ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ke kūlanakauhale Helene kahiko, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopili i kāna kaʻao. ʻO ka ʻike maʻamau ka manaʻo o ka poʻe Helene i ke ola o nā wahi ma ka Honua me ka mana kūikawā. Ua kuhikuhi lākou iā Delphi e like me kēlā. Wahi a kekahi o nā kaʻao, ua hoʻouna ʻo Zeus mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka honua i ʻelua mau ʻaeto e hui pū kekahi me kekahi, a hele aʻe a hou ʻia kekahi i kekahi me nā nuku ʻoiʻoi ma nā pali o ka mauna Parnassus. ʻO kēia kahi kiko i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka Piko o ka Honua - ke kikowaena o ka honua me kahi ikehu kūikawā. No laila, ʻike ʻia ʻo Delphi, a ma hope lilo i hale pule Helene kahiko.

ʻ tellslelo ʻia kahi kaʻao ʻē aʻe no Gaia ke kūlanakauhale - ke akua wahine o ka Honua a me ka makuahine o ka lani a me ke kai, nāna i hāʻawi aku i kāna mau keiki, a ʻo Apollo kekahi o lākou. I ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke akua lā, ua kūkulu ʻia he 5 mau heiau ma Delphi, akā ʻo nā ʻāpana o hoʻokahi wale nō o lākou i ola a hiki i kēia lā.

Makaikai

ʻIke maopopo ʻia ka mōʻaukala waiwai o ke kūlanakauhale i kēia lā i nā wahi hoihoi o Delphi ma Helene. Ma ka panalāʻau o ka mea, ua mālama ʻia nā wahi neoneo o kekahi mau hale kahiko, kahi hoihoi nui o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi. Eia hou, he mea hoihoi e nānā i loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Archaeological ʻaneʻi, a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i nā kiʻi nani o Mount Parnassus. E noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia mea i nā kikoʻī.

Luakini o Apolo

ʻO ke kūlanakauhale Helene kahiko o Delphi i loaʻa ka kaulana kaulana ma muli o nā ʻāpana o ka Luakini o Apollo i mālama ʻia ma aneʻi. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale i ka 4 kenekulia BC, a no 800 mau makahiki ua lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hale pule Helene kahiko. Wahi a ka kaao, na ke akua lā ponoʻī nō i kauoha i ke kūkulu ʻana o kēia keʻena kapu, a mai ʻaneʻi nō i haʻi ai ke kahuna wahine a Pythia i kāna wānana. Ua hele mai nā malihini mai nā ʻāina Helene ʻē i ka luakini a huli i ka oracle no ke alakaʻi. ʻIke ʻia ka mea hoʻohihi i ka makahiki 1892 wale nō i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana o ka archaeological. I kēia lā wale nō ke kahua a me nā kolamu lapuwale i koe mai ka Luakini o Apollo. ʻO ka makemake nui ma aneʻi ka paia ma ke kumu o kahi hoʻāno: he nui nā palapala a me nā ʻōlelo a ka poʻe akeakamai a me nā loio i ʻōlelo ʻia iā Apollo i mālama ʻia ma luna.

Nā ʻōpala o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Delphi

Inā ʻoe e nānā i kahi kiʻi o Delphi ma Helene, e ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o nā wahi neoneo a me nā pōhaku i heleleʻi wale ʻia i kūkulu i nā hale kūlanakauhale nui. I kēia manawa i waena o lākou hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ia mau mea e like me:

1. Hale Keaka. Ma kahi kokoke i ka luakini o Apollo nā wahi neoneo o kahi hale keaka kahiko ma Delphi. ʻO ka hale, mai ka 6 kenekulia BC, i hoʻokahi manawa he 35 mau lālani a ua hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia a i 5 mau kānaka. I kēia lā, ua ola ke kahua wale nō mai ke kahua keaka.
2. Kahua pāʻani kahiko. ʻO kēia kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona e kū pono ana i ka hale keaka. I ka manawa i lilo ke kahua pāʻani i kahua kahua haʻuki nui, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā Pāʻani Pythian ʻehā mau manawa o ka makahiki. Hiki i nā mākaʻikaʻi he 6 tausani ke kipa i ka hale i ka manawa like.
3. Luakini o Athena. I ke kiʻi o ka paʻakikī kahiko, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i kēia mea hoihoi loa, ka mea i lilo lōʻihi i hōʻailona. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka luakini o Athena ma Delphi i ke kenekulia 3 BC, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea like ʻole, e like me ka pākana a me ke kinikini, e hāʻawi i nā kiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole. I kēlā manawa, he tholos ka mea - he hale puni, i hoʻonani ʻia me ke kolona o 20 kolamu a me 10 kolamu semi. ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua pāpale ʻia ka hale o ka hale me nā kiʻi o nā kiʻi wahine i hōʻike ʻia i kahi hulahula. I kēia lā, 3 kolamu wale nō, kahi kahua a me nā ʻanuʻu i koe.

4. Waihona o ka poʻe Atenai. Hānau ʻia ka mea hoʻohihi i ka 5th kenekulia BC. a lilo i hōʻailona o ka lanakila o nā kamaʻāina o Atenai i ke kaua ʻo Salamis. ʻO ka waihona o nā Atenai ma Delphi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā pā a me nā mea waiwai, i waena o ia mau mea i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Apollo. Ua ola maikaʻi kēia ʻōpana kinikini liʻiliʻi a hiki i kēia lā. ʻOiai i kēia lā, ma ka hale hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā bas-relief e hōʻike nei i nā hiʻohiʻona mai nā moʻolelo Helene kahiko, nā mural a me nā ʻona like ʻole i ke akua ʻo Apollo.
5. Kuahu. Ma ke alo o ka Luakini o Apollo ma Delphi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi mea hoihoi - ke kuahu nui o kahi hoʻāno. Hana ʻia i ke kinikini ʻeleʻele, hoʻomanaʻo ia i ka hanohano o ke kūlanakauhale ma mua a me kona koʻikoʻi nui i ka moʻolelo Helene.

ʻIke kūpono

• Ka helu wahi: Delphi 330 54, Helene.
• Nā hola wehe: i kēlā me kēia lā mai 08:30 a 19:00. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hoʻohihi i nā lā nui o ka lehulehu.
• Uku komo: 12 € (ʻo ke kumukūʻai pū kekahi me ka puka komo i ka hale hōʻikeʻike archaeological).

Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻAkupuna

Ma hope o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā wahi neoneo o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Delphi, hele pinepine ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka hale hōʻikeʻike kūloko. Ke haʻi aku nei kēia hale hōʻikeʻike waiwai liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka moʻomeheu Helene kahiko. Ma waena o kāna mau hōʻike wale nō nā mea mua i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka archaeological. I ka hōʻiliʻili, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā mea kaua kahiko, nā kapa komo, nā mea kāhiko a me nā mea o ka hale. Hōʻoia kekahi mau mea hōʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hōʻaiʻē ka poʻe Helene i kekahi mau kuʻuna o ʻAigupita: ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻike ka hōʻike i kahi sphinx i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano Helene.

Ma aneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kiʻi kālai hoihoi a me nā bas-reliefs, a me ke kiʻi o ka Charioteer, i hoʻolei ʻia i ke keleawe i ka 5th kenekulia BC, kūpono i ka nānā nui. No nā mile he 2 a ʻoi paha, waiho ia ma lalo o nā wahi neoneo o kahi paʻakikī kahiko, a ma 1896 wale nō i ʻike ʻia ai e nā ʻepekema. E hoʻokaʻawale ʻoe i hoʻokahi hola e kipa aku i ka hale hōʻikeʻike. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kahi alakaʻi leo ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ma ke kula.

• Ka helu wahi: ʻO Delphi Archaeological Museum, Delphi 330 54, Helene.
• Nā hola wehe: i kēlā me kēia lā mai 08:30 a 16:00.
• Uku komo: 12 € (he tikiki hoʻokahi kēia e komo pū ana me ka puka i ka hale hōʻikeʻike ākea).

Mauna Parnassus

ʻO kā mākou wehewehe o nā hiʻohiʻona o Delphi me kahi kiʻi i hoʻopau ʻia me kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi mea kūlohelohe i hana nui i ka honua kahiko o Helene. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka mauna Parnassus, ma ka pali komohana kahi o Delphi i noho ai. I nā moʻo Helene, ua manaʻo ʻia ia ke kia o ka Honua. Ua kipa aku ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi he nui i ka mauna e ʻike maka i ka pūnāwai Kastalsky kaulana, kahi i lilo ai i punawai kapu, kahi i hana ai nā oracles i nā hana kuʻuna, a ma hope iho ua wānana lākou.

I kēia lā, he wahi ski nui ʻo Mount Parnassus. A i ke kauwela, hoʻonohonoho nā mākaʻikaʻi i nā piʻi ma aneʻi, e hāhai ana i nā ala mauna i kaha ʻia a hiki i ke ana ʻo Korikian a i ʻole hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe - Liacura piko (2547 m). Mai ka piko o ka mauna, wehe ka ʻike kupaianaha o nā ulu ʻoliva a me nā kauhale e pili ana, a i ke anilā maikaʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī o Olympus mai aneʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kuahiwi kahi pāka aupuni kahi e ulu ai ka spruce Kaleponi. Ma kekahi o nā pali o Parnassus, ma kahi kiʻekiʻena o 960 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, aia kahi kauhale liʻiliʻi o Arachova, kaulana no kāna mau hale hana hana, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā kapeta hana lima wale nō.

Pehea e hiki ai i laila

Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e kipa i ke keʻena kapu o Apollo ma Delphi a me nā pūnaewele kahiko ʻē aʻe, a laila he mea pono ia ʻoe e aʻo e pili ana i ke ala e hele ai i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa e kiʻi i kahi pono no Athens. Aia ʻo Delphi ma 182 km komohana komohana o ke kapikala Helene. I kēlā me kēia lā, haʻalele nā ​​pahi waena o ka ʻoihana KTEL i ke kahua kūloko KTEL Bus Station Terminal B i kahi kuhikuhi i hāʻawi ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka wā haʻalele o ka halihali mai 30 mau minuke a 2 mau hola. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka huakaʻi he 16,40 € a ʻo ka huakaʻi ma kahi o 3 mau hola. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manawa kūpono ma ka pūnaewele official o ka ʻoihana www.ktel-fokidas.gr. Maʻalahi ke kiʻi i Delphi me kahi hoʻoili kope i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia, akā i kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e uku ma kahi o 100 € no kahi huakaʻi hoʻokahi.

ʻIkepili Hoihoi

1. Wahi a nā kaao o Greek Greece, ʻo Mount Parnassus kahi wahi hoʻomaha no nā akua Helene kahiko, akā ʻo Apollo a me kāna 9 nymphs i makemake nui i ka wahi o nā mea āpau.
2. ʻO ka wahi o ka Luakini o Apollo ma Delphi ʻo 1440 m². Ma loko ona e hoʻonani nui ʻia me nā kiʻi kiʻi o nā akua, a ma waho e hoʻonani nani ʻia me 40 kolamu 12 m ke kiʻekiʻe.

3. Aia kekahi mau kaʻao e ʻōlelo ana i kāna wānana ua huki ke kahuna wahine o Pythia i ka ulu mai nā puhi mai nā pali pōhaku kokoke i ka luakini o Apollo. I ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana ma Delphi i ka makahiki 1892, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻepekema ʻelua mau hewa hohonu ma lalo o ka wahi hoʻāno, kahi i waiho ai nā koina o ka ʻohana a me ka methane, a, e like me kou ʻike, i kekahi mau mahele, hiki ke ʻona i ka ona.
4. Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole wale ka poʻe noho ma Helene i hele mai i ka ʻōlelo a Delphi, akā i nā luna o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, nāna i lawe pinepine i nā makana makamae me lākou. ʻO kekahi o nā makana poʻokela (ʻo Herodotus e ʻōlelo nei i ka hanana i loko o kāna mau memo he 3 mau kenekulia i hala aku) ʻo ia ka noho aliʻi gula, i hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻaha ʻōlelo e ka mōʻī Phrygian. I kēia lā, he kiʻi ʻelepani liʻiliʻi wale nō i loaʻa i ka waihona ma kahi kokoke i nā luakini i koe o ka noho aliʻi.

Hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai noho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia palapala

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pono

Inā mahalo ʻoe i ke kiʻi o Delphi ma Helene, a ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻoe i kahi huakaʻi i kēia kūpuna kahiko, e hoʻolohe i ka papa inoa o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma lalo, i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma ke kumu o nā loiloi o nā mākaʻikaʻi i kipa mua i ka pūnaewele.

1. E ʻike ai i nā maka o ke kūlanakauhale, pono ʻoe e lanakila i nā piʻi pali a me nā iho palekana ʻole. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hele ʻana i kahi huakaʻi i Delphi i nā lole ʻoluʻolu a me nā kāmaʻa haʻuki.

2. Ma luna ua kamaʻilio mua mākou e pili ana i ka luakini o Athena, akā pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia aia ma ke ala o ka hikina mai nā wahi nui o ka pākuʻina. ʻO ka puka komo i nā wahi i hōkai ʻia o kēia hale he manuahi loa ia.
3. Ma kahi kokoke i ka wā ʻai, hōʻuluʻulu nui ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ma Delphi, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hōʻea i ke kakahiaka nui no ka wehe.
4. E hoʻolālā e hoʻolimalima ma kahi o 2 mau hola e kipa aku ai i ka hale kūpuna kahiko a me ka hale hōʻikeʻike.
5. E lawe pono i ka wai inu me ʻoe.
6. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kipa iā Delphi (Helene) i nā mahina anuanu, e like me Mei, Iune a ʻOkakopa paha. I ke kau kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka wela a me ka mahana wela ke hoʻonāwaliwali i kekahi mai ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā wahi o nā wahi neoneo.

ʻO ke wikiō e pili ana i ka huakaʻi i Delphi.

E nānā i ka wikiō: Mapu Mau Ke Ala Instructional Video (Kepakemapa 2024).