ʻO Taj Mahal ma India - kahi mele o ke aloha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kinikini

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ʻO Taj Mahal (ʻInia) - ka palena ʻāina kaulana loa o ka ʻāina, aia ma Agra, ma kapa o ka muliwai Jamna. ʻO Taj Mahal kahi hui o ka nani lua ʻole, nona ka hale aliʻi-mausoleum, kahi mosque, ka puka nui, kahi hale hoʻokipa a me kahi pā ʻāina me kahi ʻōnaehana. Kūkulu ʻia kēia mea paʻakikī e ka padishah Shah Jahan ma ke ʻano he hoʻokupu hope loa i kāna wahine aloha ʻo Mumtaz Mahal.

Hoihoi! Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Taj Mahal i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he nui, e laʻa me: "Life After People", "Armageddon", "Slumdog Millionaire", "A hiki i koʻu pāʻani ʻana i ka pahu."

Hōʻike iki kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Taj Mahal, a nui pū ka ʻike kūpono no ka poʻe e kipa ana i kēia palena ʻāina ʻo India. Aia pū kekahi i nā kiʻi kala o ka Taj Mahal, lawe ʻia i waho a ma loko o ka hale.

ʻO kahi moʻolelo

Hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia, i kekahi ʻano, ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o Taj Mahal mai ka makahiki 1612. ʻO ia ka manawa i lawe ai ka padishah o ka Mughal Empire ʻo Shah Jahan iā Arjumand Bano Begum i wahine nāna. I ka mōʻaukala, ʻoi aku ka inoa o kēia wahine ʻo Mumtaz Mahal, ʻo ia hoʻi "Hoʻonani i ka Hale Aliʻi". Ua aloha nui ʻo Shah Jahan i kāna wahine, ua hilinaʻi ʻo ia a kūkākūkā pū me ia i nā mea āpau. Ua hele pū ʻo Mumtaz Mahal me ka mōʻī i nā pūʻali koa, ua hele i nā hanana pae ʻāina āpau, a inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele i kekahi hanana, a laila ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia.

ʻO ka moʻolelo aloha a me ke ola ʻohana hauʻoli o kahi kāne hanohano i hala 18 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻo Mumtaz Mahal i kāna kāne i 13 mau keiki, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ola i ka hānau ʻana o ke keiki 14th.

Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna wahine, ua hoʻolilo ʻo Shah Jahan i hoʻokahi makahiki holoʻokoʻa i ka noho kaʻawale, ua ʻelemakule a kūleʻa i kēia manawa. I mea e uku ai i ka makana hope loa i ke aloha o Mumtaz Mahal, ua hoʻoholo ka padishah e kūkulu i hale aliʻi-mausoleum, ka mea i loaʻa a kūlike ʻole ma ka Honua.

ʻOiaʻiʻo mai ka mōʻaukala! Ma mua o 22,000 mau mea hana lima mai ka Mughal Empire, Peresia, Central Asia a me ka Hikina Waena i komo i ka hana ʻana i kēia hanana.

E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka mōʻaukala, ua kūkulu ʻia ka Taj Mahal i ka hopena o 1631. No kēia, ua koho ʻia kahi pūnaewele hectare 1.2, aia ma waho o Agra, e ka muliwai Jamna. Ua ʻeli loa ʻia ka pūnaewele, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ke komo ʻana, ua pani ʻia ka lepo, a ua hāpai ʻia ka pūnaewele i 50 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kapa muliwai.

Hoihoi! ʻO ka maʻa mau, hoʻohana ʻia ka scaffolding ʻohe no ke kūkulu ʻana ma India, a ua kūkulu ʻia ka scaffolding brick a puni ka hale kupapaʻu. Ma muli o ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o ka nui, hopohopo nā haku nāna i mālama i ka hana e hemo ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi paha. Akā ua kauoha ʻo Shah Jahan e hoʻolaha e hiki i kekahi ke lawe i kekahi o nā pōhaku lepo - ʻo ka hopena, i ka pō maoli, ua wāwahi ʻia ka hale kōkua holoʻokoʻa.

Ma muli o ka hana ʻia o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pae, aia nā manaʻo like ʻole e pili ana i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he pau ʻana o ka hana ʻana o ka Taj Mahal. ʻO ka paepae a me ka mausoleum waena (me ka hana i loko o ka hale) i hoʻopau ʻia e 1943, a hana i ka hana ʻana o nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau o ka paʻakikī i hala he 10 mau makahiki.

ʻO kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ka mōʻaukala! ʻO nā mea kūkulu a me nā hoʻopau ʻana i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻāpana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa: kinikini keʻokeʻo - mai nā ʻāina o Rajasthan, iasepi - mai Punjab, jade - mai Kina, carnelian - mai ʻAlapia, chrysolite - mai ke kapakai ʻo Nile, nā sapeira - mai Ceylon, carnelian - mai Baghdad, rubies - mai ke aupuni o Siam, he turquoise mai Tibet.

Ua waiho ʻo Shah Jahan i nā hiʻona kuhikuhipuʻuone i nā mamo, akā ʻo ia ka Taj Mahal i koe i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he kia hoʻomanaʻo lua ʻole e ola mau ana i nā inoa o ka padishah a me kāna hoa pono.

Ma 1666, ua make ʻo Shah Jahan a kanu ʻia i loko o Taj Mahal, e pili ana i ka Mumtaz Mahal.

Akā ʻaʻole i pau ka moʻolelo o ka Taj Mahal ma India me ka make ʻana o kāna mea nāna i hana.

Kēia manawa

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā māwae ma nā paia o ka Taj Mahal. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema pili pono kā lākou aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka muliwai Jamna, e kahe kokoke ana. ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i waho o ke kahawai e alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e loli ke ʻano o ka lepo a, a ʻo ka hopena, ua emi ka hale.

Ma muli o ka ea haumia i kēia wahi o India, ua lilo ka keʻokeʻo o Taj Mahal - ʻike ʻia kēia i ke kiʻi. A ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo e pili ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka pani ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻino loa a Agra mai kōkua ʻole: melemele ka hale. I mea e hoʻomau ai i ka keʻokeʻo kaʻao o nā paia marble, hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia lākou me ka pālolo keʻokeʻo.

Akā me kēia mau mea āpau, ʻo Taj Mahal nani (Agra, India) e launa mau me kāna ʻano hoʻolālā a me ka kaʻao o ke aloha maoli.

He mea hoihoi! I kēlā me kēia makahiki kipa ʻia kēia ʻume e 3,000,000 a i 5,000,000 mau mākaʻikaʻi, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 200,000 he poʻe haole.

Hale kuhikuhipuʻuone

Hoʻohui like ka hoʻolālā o ka Taj Mahal i nā mea o nā kaila: ʻInia, Peresia, ʻAlapia. ʻO kahi wehewehe pōkole a me nā kiʻi kala e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka nani o ka Taj Mahal.

ʻO Taj Mahal kahi hui pū me ka ʻīpuka waena, kahi māla, mosque, kahi pavilion no nā mea kipa a me kahi hale aliʻi, ma loko o laila nā hale kupapaʻu o Mumtaz Mahal a me Shah Jahan. ʻO ka ʻāina, pale ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, kahi e lako pono ai ka paʻakikī, he ʻano huinahā kona (ana 600 a me 300 mika). ʻO ka puka nui, hana ʻia i ka pōhaku ʻulaʻula, ʻano like me ka hale aliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā hale kiaʻi ʻaoʻao. Lei lei ʻia kēia mau hale kiaʻi me nā kopa, a aia nā wahi nui o nā umbrella ma luna o ka puka komo i 2 mau lālani he 11 mau ʻāpana. Ma ka puka komo aia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo mai ka Koran e hoʻopau me nā huaʻōlelo "Komo i koʻu Paradise!" - Ua hana ʻo Shah Jahan i kahi paradaiso no kāna mea aloha.

ʻO Char-Bagh (4 māla) kahi ʻāpana hoʻohui o ka ensemble, kahi mea e hoʻokūpaʻa pono i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka hale kupapaʻu. Ma ke kikowaena o ke ala e hele ana mai ka ʻīpuka a i ka mausoleum, aia kahi kahawai, i loko o nā wai e hōʻike ʻia ai kēia hale kinikini keʻokeʻo hau.

Ma ke komohana o ka mausoleum aia kekahi hale mosque pōhaku ʻulaʻula, ma ka hikina - kahi hale hoʻokipa. ʻO kāna hana nui ka mālama ʻana i ka symmetry o ka hale kuhikuhipuʻuone holoʻokoʻa.

Mausoleum

E like me kāu e ʻike ai i ke kiʻi, kū ʻo Taj Mahal ma kahi papa marble, huli ʻia kona ʻaoʻao hope i ka muliwai ʻo Jamna. He paepae ka paepae, me kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao a hiki i 95.4 mau mika ka lōʻihi. Ma nā kihi o ka paepae aia nā minareta keʻokeʻo hau keʻokeʻo, kuhikuhi ʻia i luna (ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe he 41 mika). Hilinaʻi iki nā minareta i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe mai ka hale kupapaʻu - e like me ka kākau ʻana o nā mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mōʻaukala, ua hana ʻia kēia i ka wā o kahi ōlaʻi ʻaʻole lākou e hāneʻe i ka hale a luku i nā mea āpau o loko.

ʻO Taj Mahal, kūkulu ʻia mai nā palaka o ke kinikini keʻokeʻo hau, piʻi i 74 mau mika. Ua pāpale ʻia ka hale me nā 5 domes: kahi kikola puʻupuʻu waena (anawaena 22.5 mika) i hoʻopuni ʻia e 4 mau domes liʻiliʻi.

He mea hoihoi! Ma muli o nā ʻano o ke kinikini i hoʻonani ʻia, hoʻololi ke Taj Mahal i kona kala i nā manawa he nui i ka lā: i ka puka ʻana o ka lā me he mea lā he ʻulaʻula, i ke ao i ka lā e lilelile me ka keʻokeʻo, i ke ahiahi o ke ahiahi e hoʻomālamalama i kahi lilac-ʻalani a me ka mahina e nānā silvery.

Kālai ʻia nā paia o ka Taj Mahal me nā hiʻohiʻona pietra dura-style intricate a hoʻokomo ʻia me nā gems. Ua hoʻohana ʻia he 28 mau ʻano pōhaku no ka hoʻokomo. Ke nānā pono nei i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi, hiki i kekahi ke mahalo i ka paʻakikī o ka hana a nā mea hana lima e hana ai: no ka laʻana, aia nā mea hoʻonaninani liʻiliʻi (ʻĀpana 3 cm2), kahi i kau ʻia ma mua o 50 mau pōhaku makamae. Kālai ʻia nā ʻōlelo Quran ma nā paia a puni nā puka o ka puka o ka puka.

Hoihoi! ʻO nā laina me nā huaʻōlelo mai ka Koran ke ʻano like me ka nānā ʻole i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papahele. Hana ʻia kēlā ʻano hopena e like me kēia: ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka laina, ʻo ka nui ka font i hoʻohana ʻia a ʻoi aku ka nui ma waena o nā leka.

E ʻike i nā PRICES a i ʻole puke i kekahi wahi e noho ai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia palapala

Pehea ke ʻano o ka mausoleum i loko

Ma hope o ka hanohano a me ka ea - a ʻo kēia kaʻu e makemake ai e wehewehe i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena o ka Taj Mahal - mai loko mai ʻaʻole ia he mea hoihoi loa. Akā i kēia wale nō i ka nānā mua ʻana.

Ma loko, ma nā paia o ka hale kupapaʻu, aia kahi alaloa me nā keʻena octagonal ma nā piʻo. Aia ka hale nui ma lalo o ka dome nui, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke alaloa e hoʻopuni iā ia.

I loko o ka mausoleum, i ka hale nui, hoʻonoho ʻia nā hale kupapaʻu o Mumtaz Mahal a me Shah Jahan. Ma kahi o lākou kahi pā nani loa: nā papa marble me nā lau kālai, kāhiko ʻia me ke gula a me nā momi makamae.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo he symmetrical ka Taj Mahal i loko a me waho hoʻi. ʻO ka cenotaph wale nō o Shah Jahan, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka cenotaph o Mumtuz-Mazal, e haki i kēia ʻano like. ʻO ka hale kupapaʻu ʻo Mumtuz-Mazal, i hoʻouka ʻia i loko o ka hale kupapaʻu i ka manawa o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, kū i waenakonu, ma lalo pono o ka dome waena.

ʻO nā kanu kanu maoli o Mumtaz Mahal a me Shah Jahan aia i loko o ka crypt, ma lalo o nā hale kupapaʻu.

Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Taj

Ma loko o ka ensemble hoʻomanaʻo, ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka pā, aia kahi hale hōʻikeʻike liʻiliʻi akā hoihoi loa. Hana ia mai 10:00 a 17:00, manuahi ke komo ʻana.

Ma waena o nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale hōʻikeʻike.

nā kiʻi hoʻolālā o ka hale aliʻi-mausoleum;
nā kālā i hana ʻia i ke kālā mai ke gula, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o Shah Jahan;
nā kumu o nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi me nā kiʻi o Shah Jahan a me Mumtaz Mahal;
mau kīʻaha celadon (aia kahi moʻolelo hoihoi e lele kaawale kēia mau pā a hoʻololi paha i ke kala inā loaʻa nā meaʻai ʻona i loko o lākou).

Hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai noho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia palapala

ʻIke kūpono

Nānā i ka hoʻopiʻi: Dharmaperi, Colony Forest, Tejginj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282001, India.
ʻO ka pūnaewele official o kēia kia hoʻomanaʻo mōʻaukala ʻo http://www.tajmahal.gov.in.
Wehe ka Taj Mahal i 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka lā a kū i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā malihini kipa 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. Kūpono kēia papa kuhikuhi no kēlā me kēia lā o ka pule koe ka Pōʻalima. Ma ka Pōʻalima, ʻo ka poʻe wale nō e makemake e hele i kahi lawelawe i ka mosque e ʻae ʻia i ka pāhana.

Nā Tike: kahi e kūʻai ai a me ke kumu kūʻai

No nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i hele mai i India mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, he tikika e komo i ka panalāʻau o ka mea hoʻohihi he 1100 rupe (ma kahi o $ 15.5).
No ka ʻike ʻana i ka hale kupapaʻu i loko, pono ʻoe e uku i 200 rupe hou (ma kahi o $ 2.8)
Hiki i nā keiki ma lalo o 15 mau makahiki ke ʻike i nā ʻāina āpau a me ke ʻano o loko o ka hale aliʻi me ka uku ʻole.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā likiki ma nā keʻena balota, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina a me ke komohana. Wehe nā keʻena kikiki i hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ka wanaʻao a pani 45 mau minuke ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. No nā haole a no nā kamaʻāina o India, aia nā puka aniani ʻokoʻa ma nā pākaukau kālā.

Hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā likiki ma o ka Pūnaewele. Hoʻokahi wale nō pūnaewele official e hāʻawi nei i nā lawelawe kūʻai aku - ka pūnaewele o ka Ministry of Culture of India: https://asi.payumoney.com. Loaʻa ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka likiki-e ma kēia puka i nā kupa ʻĀnia a me nā mākaʻikaʻi haole. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā haole kahi hōʻemi o 50 rupees (ma kahi o $ 0.7).

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole o ka wai a me nā uhi kāmaʻa i ke kumukūʻai likiki - hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā mea kipa āpau ma ka puka. ʻO nā uhi kāmaʻa i hana ʻia i ka lole palupalu ʻoluʻolu e pono e kau ʻia ma luna o nā kāmaʻa.

ʻO nā kumukūʻai a me ka papa kuhikuhi ma ka ʻaoʻao no Kepakemapa 2019.

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pono

Loaʻa i nā keʻena tikika āpau nā puka aniani ʻokoʻa no nā kamaʻāina ʻĀnia a me nā mākaʻikaʻi haole (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou ma aneʻi) - pono ʻoe e nānā i nā hōʻailona. Ke hele nei i nā keʻena balota, hoʻokipa pinepine nā mea kālepa kūloko i nā haole, e hāʻawi nei i nā likiki ma nā kumukūʻai i hoʻonui nui ʻia (2-3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi. ʻO ke koho kūpono loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa a me nā aʻalolo e mālama ʻia i ka pūnaewele o ka Ministry of Culture of India.

Ke hana nei nā luna kūloko ma Agra i nā mea āpau e pale aku ai i nā hoʻouka hoʻoweliweli a me ka pale ʻana i nā kia hoʻomanaʻo mōʻaukala mai nā hana vandalism. No kēia kumu, ma ka puka o ka pākuʻi, aia nā wahi nānā kūikawā no ka poʻe kipa. Ma loko o ka paʻakikī hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi ʻōmole wai wale nō, kahi kāmela me ka ʻole o kahi tripod, kālā, nā palapala a me kahi palapala ʻāina o ke alakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi Agra. Pono e lawe i nā mea āpau āpau i ka lumi waiho. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i mau ʻeke nui me ʻoe: e hoʻonui wale kēia i ka manawa kānana palekana, a kū nō ʻoe i ka laina i nā keʻena mālama.
He kaʻawale nā wahi nānā no nā haole a no ka heluna India. Pono ʻoe e nānā pono i ka lālani e kū ai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o nā wahine a me nā kāne, a ʻokoʻa nā lālani.
Aia kahi wahi komo Wi-Fi manuahi ma waena o kahi radius ma kahi o 50 mau mika mai ka wahi hōʻoia.
He nani loa ka Taj Mahal (India) i ka wanaʻao, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ka manawa mai 5:30 ka mea ʻoi loa e kipa. Eia hou, i kēia manawa he nui ka poʻe ma aneʻi, a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike hou me ka mālie i nā mea āpau i loko o ka hale.

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi i loko o Taj Mahal, akā ʻaʻohe mea i pāpā i kēia ma ka ʻāina kokoke. Lawe ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi i ka wanaʻao, ke uhi ʻia ka hale aliʻi i ka huhū kakahiaka a me he mea lā e lana ana i ka lewa. A pehea ka nani a me ka naive o nā pana a nā poʻe kipa e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka hale aliʻi e ka piko o ka dome.
ʻO ka manawa kūpono o ka makahiki e kipa aku ai iā Taj Mahal kahi hōʻoia o nā manaʻo maikaʻi loa a me nā manaʻo. ʻO ka manawa kūpono e huakaʻi ai i Agra ʻo Pepeluali a me Malaki. Mai ʻApelila a Iulai, noho kahi mahana wela ma aneʻi, piʻi ka mahana i + 45 ° C. Hoʻomaka ka wā ua i Iulai, a ʻo Kepakemapa wale nō ka hopena. Mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i aneane Pepeluali, nui nā noe i ke kūlanakauhale, no ka mea e ʻike ʻole ʻia ka Taj Mahal.