He aha e hana ai inā he fusarium ka orchid: kiʻi o ka maʻi a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka lapaʻau
ʻO Orchids i waena o nā mea kanu pua i manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā pua i loko loa o ka capricious e koi ana i ka mālama kūikawā, ʻoiai ulu lākou i ke ʻano i nā ʻano kikoʻī a ʻaʻole i ka lepo a mākou e maʻa ai.
ʻO kēia mea kanu exotic ka mea nani loa me nā ʻano lahilahi o nā pua.
I ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā orchids ma ka home, pono ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā ʻano hana o ka mālama, akā i nā maʻi hoʻi e maʻalahi ai nā pua.
He aha ka Fusarium Rot?
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻopili ʻia nā orchids e nā ʻano maʻi ʻekolu, i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e nā pathogens aʻe:
- Liona ʻeha - ka lehulehu loa e nā laha, ʻikea ma nā lau i ke ʻano o nā pua a me nā kiko ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele putrefactive, hoʻomohala koke a alakaʻi i ka luku ʻia o nā pua (e pili ana i nā mea e pala ai nā lau o kahi orchid a me nā mea e hana ai e pili ana, e heluhelu ma aneʻi).
- Nā maʻi lepe - ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka pala ʻana o nā rhizome, e hohola mālie ana i ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai e loli ka lau o nā mea kanu i ke kala mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ka melemele, e uhi ʻia me nā kiko a me nā ulcerations.
- Nā maʻi viral, kahi e uhi ʻia ai nā lau me nā kiko i ke ʻano o ka mosaic lauana o kahi ʻano poepoe a ʻano like paha. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano mea hōʻino he incurable.
ʻOkoʻa nā kumu o ka maʻi orchid - ka nele o ka lā, ka nui a me ka ʻole o ka wai, overheating a i ʻole hypothermia.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo nā mea maʻamau nā maʻi fungal o nā pua. A ma waena o nā fungus, fusarium o nā orchids ka mea maʻamau.
ʻO Fusarium kahi maʻi i kanu ʻia e nā fungi o ka genus Fusarium... Ua manaʻo ʻia he maʻi lele ia a me ka maʻi lele. Komo ka fungus i ka pua ma o ka rhizome a i ʻole kahi kokoke i ke aʻa o ke koʻokoʻo, a ma o nā hua a i ʻole nā lūlū i hoʻopili ʻia me nā spores fungal.
OLELO HOOLAHA: I nā orchids, loaʻa ia i ke ʻano o Fusarium - aʻa, i hōʻike ʻia i ka pala ʻana o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, a me ke koʻokoʻo, e pili ana i nā kumu, nā lau a me nā pua, e mae ai lākou. Hana hou nā fungi ma o nā spores (conidia) nunui-kala - poni, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha.
I nā hōʻike mua ma nā koʻokoʻo a me nā aʻa o nā huna lepo ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo i ke ʻano o nā pōpō liʻiliʻi, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea kanu mai nā pua ʻē aʻe a hoʻomaka me ka lapaʻau koke. Hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia nā maʻi ʻeha o nā holoholona i nā wā mua, ma mua o ka hōʻino ʻana o ke aʻa.
He kiʻi
E nānā i ke kiʻi o fusarium i nā orchids:
Hōʻailona
Hiki ke hana hou i nā fusarians i ke aʻa aʻa mai 8 mau mahina a 1.5 mau makahiki. I ka mua, nā aʻa o ka orchid, i hoʻopili ʻia e nā spores fungal, huli ʻulaʻula, me he mea lā e loaʻa ana i kahi kala tan. A laila ʻike ʻia nā kaumaha ma nā aʻa, me he mea lā ua nakinaki paʻa ʻia me nā ʻāpana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma lalo o ka mana o ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā spores, e pouli nā wahi ʻulaʻula o nā rhizome, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka e pala (hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pehea e ola hou ai kahi orchid inā nā aʻa i pala a i pala paha ma aneʻi).
Hūnā ʻo Fungi i nā toxins kūikawā e kahe ana i loko o nā moku momona, ʻona i ka pua a keʻakeʻa i nā ala. ʻIke maopopo ʻia kēia mau toxins ma nā ʻāpana mea kanu i ke ʻano o nā apo ʻeleʻele eleele ma nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko.
A ʻo kahi hopena, pau ka makū i ke komo ʻana i nā hunaola mea kanu, a hoʻomaka lākou e make i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai. Ua ʻeleʻele i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopā ʻia o ke koʻokoʻo i ʻeleʻele, a lahilahi ke koʻokoʻo (wehewehe mākou i ke kikoʻī i ka mea e hana ai inā popopo ke kumu o kahi orchid ma aneʻi). Hoʻomaka e melemele nā lau. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi mai ka piko o nā orchids a hohola iki i loko o ka pua.
Nā Kumu
E like me ka ʻike, Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o kekahi fungal i kahi ʻano maikaʻi.
- nā mea hoʻomomona nitrogenous keu;
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i ka lepo;
- poino i nā aʻa i ka wā o ke transplantation a i ʻole nā ʻano mea kolo like ʻole;
- kahi nui o ka wai ke hoʻoinu;
- ka mea nui o ka peat i ka lepo o ka pua;
- ka nele o nā microorganism i ka lepo e hoʻoikaika i nā hana pale o nā pua;
- ka nele o ka ea i loko o ka lumi;
- paʻakai o ka lepo lepo.
He aha ka weliweli?
ʻO ka nele o ka wai i nā pūnaewele mea kanu ma muli o ka paʻa o nā moku e hana nei me nā toxin fungal, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka rhizome ma muli o ka palaho e alakaʻi ai i ka hemo ʻana o nā kumu a me nā lau (heluhelu e pili ana i nā kumu o ka pala ma ka orchid a pehea e hana ai ma aneʻi). Eia kekahi ʻo kahi mea kanu maʻi he mea weliweli ia i nā pua o loko e hoʻopuni anaʻoiai he maʻi lele loa nā spore fungal.
Lapaʻau
Inā loaʻa ka fusarium ma kahi orchid, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pua maʻi mai nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau, ʻo ia nā ʻano aʻe:
- Wehe i ka mea kanu mai ka ipuhao a holoi iā ia me ka wai mehana.
- E nānā iā ia a ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana popopo.
- Lubricate nā ʻāpana me ka carbon activated i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a i ʻole kahi antiseptic.
- Hoʻomaloʻo i ka pua.
- E mālama pono i ka mea kanu (nā aʻa, nā kumu, nā lau, nā pua) me kahi fungicide (Benomil, Fundazol, Topsin, Fundazim). Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hopena Fundazole ma ka helu o 1 g. he pauka no 1 lita. wai. Lawe ʻia ka mālama i 3 mau manawa me ke kau o 10 mau lā.
- E kanu i ka pua i loko o ka ipu hou.
- E kau i ka ipu pua i kahi mālamalama, mehana.
- No ka pale ʻana, ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke pīpī i ka lepo lepo me ka hopena ʻo Fundazol.
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ʻia nā aʻa; ʻaʻole pono ka wai ma nā lau a me nā kumu.
- No ka hoʻoinu, pono nō ia e hoʻohana i kahi hopena fungicidal, a me ka wai, e hāʻule ana i ka pua, e hoʻōla iā ia mai loko.
- Pono ka orchid i loko o ka pena no 3 mau pule.
Mea nui: Nā ʻano hana e like me ka pulu ʻana i ka wai, ke waiho ʻana i kahi hale kōmaʻomaʻo ʻaʻole kōkua me nā maʻi fungal o nā orchids. ʻO ka nui o ka wai e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā spores fungal.
Inā lūlū ʻia ka mea kanu āpau e ka fungus, keu hoʻi ke aʻa aʻa, pono e luku ʻia ka orchid me ka lepo. ʻO ka hoʻohana hou ʻana o ka ipu hao hiki wale nō ma hope o ka disinfection i kahi hopena o ke keleawe sulfate (5%).
ʻO ka fusarium fungi he paʻakikī loa i ke ʻano. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, a make i ka 70% o nā spore i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, a hiki i ka 30% ke hele i kahi ʻano hibernation a hoʻoulu ʻia ma hope o kekahi manawa. Noho lōʻihi nā fungus ma ka lepo a ma nā ʻāpana o ka mea make i make.
Kāohi
I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka orusid fusarium, ua lawa ia e hāhai i nā lula maʻamau o ka mālama pua.
ke kaohi o ka ea a me ka momona o ka lepo e ka ea ʻana o ka lumi a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo;
- e nānā i ka hoʻomehana wela (ʻaʻole ma lalo o 15 kekelē);
- mālama i ka substrate me nā mea disinfectants ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka mea kanu;
- pale i ka hoʻoulu pinepine a me ka nui o nā mea kanu;
- i ka lepo o ka peat a me ka plastic plastic ʻaʻole pono ma mua o 20%;
- kanu i kahi pua i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mau mahina e hōʻalo i ka salinization lepo;
- ke hoʻomomona, e nānā i nā loina no ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā mea;
- hoʻolako i nā kukui kūpono no nā orchids;
- ke nānā mau ʻana i ka mea kanu a me ka papa o ka lepo ma ka ipuhao.
Mālama hou
Mea nui: Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka orchid i kahi maʻi fungal, pono ia, i loko o 3 mau mahina mai ka manawa o ka ʻike ʻana o ka maʻi, e hana i ka pale pale ʻana i nā mea kanu a hoʻoinu i nā aʻa me kahi hopena o fungicides.
Paipai ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pua i ka lā o ka hoʻoinu, ke mau ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Mālama nui ʻia ka orchid i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, me ka nānā nui ʻana i nā wana hou.
E hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu ʻana o nā wana hou ma ka orchid, e hoʻohana i kahi paʻi me ka hormone cytokinin... Pono e hoʻokomo i ka ipuhao pua i loko o kahi lumi mehana, māmā. I kēia hihia, pono e hōʻalo i ka lā kūpono. Pouli nā lau o ka mea kanu me ka ʻole o ke kukui, inā ʻōlena lākou - hōʻike kēia i ka nui o ka mālamalama a me ka wela.
Paipai nā mea kanu ʻike i ka koho ʻana i nā ipu palolo māmā a aniani no ka orchid e pale ai i nā aʻa mai ka wela nui ʻana. E hōʻoia i ka ea maikaʻi o nā aʻa, hana ʻia nā lua he nui ma lalo o ka ipu hao, a uhi ʻia ka lalo o ka ipuhao i ka paila.
Hoʻomainu ʻia ʻo Orchids ma muli o ke kau - i ke kauwela i kēlā me kēia 3 lā, i ka hoʻoilo - i kēlā me kēia 10 mau lā. Aloha nui ʻo Orchids i ka makū, no laila he mea pono e kāpīpī i nā mea kanu me ka wai mehana. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o nā fungi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pīpī ʻana i ke kakahiaka, no laila e loaʻa ka manawa o ka momona i nā lau e evaporate.
ʻO ka hānai kūpono me nā mea momona kūikawā he mea nui ia no ka mea kanu nāwaliwali. I ka hoʻoilo, lawe ʻia ka momona i 1 manawa i 30 mau lā, i ka wā o ka germination o nā wana hou, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea momona i kēlā me kēia 2 mau pule.
Panina a me nā hopena
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā lula āpau no ka mālama ʻana i kēia pua exotic a me nā hana pale e kōkua ai e hōʻalo i kahi maʻi orchid formidable e like me fusarium. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa kūpono a me kahi mālama kūikawā hou, e leʻaleʻa ka mea kanu i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi me nā pua keu, nani a lahilahi.